Latest Developments in NGS NGS Products, Tools and Services Pamela Fromhertz Colorado State Geodetic Advisor National Geodetic Survey National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration PLSC Annual Survey Summit March 1, 2013

National Geodetic Survey Advisor Program

National Geodetic Survey Mission To define, maintain and provide access to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) to meet our Nation’s economic, social and environmental needs. Latitude Longitude Height Scale Gravity Orientation Time Variations Technology is Driving the Changes You See!

Since Last Years Conference Multi-Year CORS solution – 2011 - Completed NAD 83 (2011) epoch 2010.0 - Completed Geoid 12A -Completed New Data Sheets – 2012 –Completed National Adjustment (vertical) of GPS passive marks Under consideration; This not adjusting the leveling network Constrain vertically to NAVD 88 benchmarks GNSS-derived orthometric heights Adoption of new datums - Geometric, could happen any time Vertical, requires completion of GRAV-D

CHANGES Agenda IMPROVEMENTS ADVANCEMENTS Datums Improvements in the NSRS NAD83 (2011) epoch 2010.0 Readjustment Geoid12A/New Datums/GRAV-D/Heights DS-World/DataSheets/Mark Recovery CORS/OPUS RTN CBLs IMPROVEMENTS ADVANCEMENTS CHANGES

Retirements Dave Doyle, Chief Surveyor Ronnie Taylor, Deputy Director, former FL Advisor Gilbert Mitchell, Chief Geodetic Services Division Renee Shields, HT MOD Program Manager Curt Smith, MT/ID Advisor Dave Minkel, AZ Advisor Davey Crockett, Leveling Processing guru Monroe Rivers, KS Advisor ….

geodesy.noaa.gov http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/

Geodetic Reference Surfaces A beachball globe Mathematical best fit to Earth’s surface… used for defining Latitude and Longitude Modeled best fit to “sea surface” equipotential gravity field used for defining Elevation

Datums A mathematical and geometric concept that serves as a foundation or starting point for mapping, surveying, engineering based on realization of actual geospatial data points.

Geodetic Datums Horizontal Vertical/Geopotential Geometric 2-D (Latitude and Longitude) (e.g. NAD 27, NAD 83 (1986)) Vertical/Geopotential 1-D (Orthometric Height) (e.g. NGVD 29, NAVD 88, Local Tidal) Geometric 3-D (Latitude, Longitude and Ellipsoid Height) Fixed and Stable(?) - Coordinates seldom change (e.g. NAD 83 (1993), NAD 83 (2007)) also 4-D (Latitude, Longitude, Ellipsoid Height, Velocities) Coordinates change with time (e.g. NAD 83, ITRF00, ITRF05)

NGS National Spatial Reference System(NSRS) Improvements TIME NETWORK LOCAL NETWORK SPAN ACCURACY ACCURACY . NAD 27 1927-1986 10 meter s (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(86) 1986-1990 1 meter (1 part in 100,000) NAD83(199x)* 1990-2007 0.1 meter B-order (1 part in 1 million) HARN A-order (1 part in 10 million) NAD83(NSRS2007) 2007 - 2011 0.01 meter 0.01 meter (CORS) NAD83(NSRS2011) 2011 - 0.01 meter 0.01 meter * CO was completed and adjusted in 1992

Accurate positioning begins with accurate coordinates Geodetic control (the NSRS) is the foundation for all geospatial products. Without Geodetic Control as a “base map” layer, GIS applications will not work properly Source: Zurich-American Insurance Group

Federal Geospatial Summit GPS Receiver Grades Recreational Grade $100-$1000 1-10 meters Mapping $2,000-$6,000 submeter - 3 meter Survey Grade $10,000 + 5mm – 2 cm 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit

Same point different datum's = different lat/long’s 1000 m radius 500 m radius Flagpole NAD83 COMET Accuracy is what we are really talking about. Let’s just review the topic of accuracy and precision. Imagine a dart board and every time you threw a bunch of darts and they all landed in the exact same spot but a fair distance from the center – that would be precise. But if threw the darts and they all landed in or close to the center that would be accurate. What is important in my mind is that your data is accurate. In order to ensure that you need to connect to something that has already been defined than you can check your accuracy to it.

Datum Differences NAD 27 – NAD 83

Datum Difference NGVD 29 – NAVD 88

Are NAD 83 & WGS 84 The Same ?

Are NAD 83 & WGS 84 The Same? NO but for your application is it significant? If requirements are greater than 3m then Yes If requirements are less than 3m then No Federal Register Notice: Vol. 60, No. 157, August 15, 1995, pg. 42146 “Use of NAD 83/WGS 84 Datum Tag on Mapping Products”

State Plane Coordinates State plane coordinates are the projection of latitudes and longitudes northings eastings Many GIS users understand/know the projection – what I hope you walk way with today is you also need to know the datums. The projections are a 2-d representation as a flat surface of a 3-d model of the earth. But you need to know the datums as well as the projections. Background: NGS Geodetic Toolkit, Part 7: Computing State Plane Coordinates David Doyle In 1933, the North Carolina Department of Transportation asked the Coast and Geodetic Survey to assist in creating a comprehensive method for converting curvilinear coordinates (latitude and longitude) to a user-friendly, 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. This request developed into the State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS), which is now the most widely used expression of coordinate information in local and regional surveying and mapping applications in the United States and its territories. Originally computed by Dr. Oscar S. Adams, SPCS consists of 130 zones related to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27), Old Hawaiian, Puerto Rico, American Samoa 1962 and Guam 1963 datums, and 124 zones on the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) (Figure 1). Unlike the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid, that is defined by very rigorous geometric boundaries, the dimensions of SPCS zones are typically very irregular and are defined by international, state, and county boundaries to ensure that a zone does not cut through a county. Those states or parts of states that are more north-south in orientation (e.g., Illinois, Indiana, eastern Florida) are defined using a Transverse Mercator map projection. Conversely, those states or parts of states that are more east-west in direction (e.g., Tennessee, Kentucky, the Florida panhandle) are computed using a Lambert Conformal Conic projection with two standard parallels. The only exceptions to this rule-of-thumb are the Alaska panhandle (Oblique Mercator projection), American Samoa (Lambert Conformal Conic with a single standard parallel), and Guam (Azimuthal Equidistant projection). The equations and geometric parameters for each zone can be found in C&GS Special Publication 235 The State Coordinate Systems (A Manual for Surveyors) and C&GS Publication 62-4 State Plane Coordinates by Automatic Data Processing for NAD 27, and NOAA Manual NOS NGS 5 State Plane Coordinate System of 1983 for NAD 83. To a flat mapping surface that is usually defined by state law

Plane Coordinate Conversion Tools State Plane Coordinates GPPCGP (NAD 27 only) SPCS83 (NAD 83 only) http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/spc.shtml UTM UTMS (Both NAD 27 & NAD 83) http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/utm.shtml Both CORPSCON (Both NAD 27 & NAD 83) http://crunch.tec.army.mil/software/corpscon/corpscon.html www.ngs.noaa.gov www.geodesy.noaa.gov

Metadata For instance: What is the Source of the Data? What is the Datum/Adjustment Epoch? What are the Field Conditions? What Equipment was used, especially what Antenna? What firmware was in the receiver and collector? What redundancy, if any, was used?

Utah is now a U.S. Survey Foot State(Blue) Legislation for NAD 83 and units * * Utah is now a U.S. Survey Foot State(Blue)

National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) The NSRS is a consistent coordinate system that defines latitude, longitude, height, scale, gravity, and orientation throughout the United States. One common datum Evolving from passive  active  real-time augmentations NGS provides users with a consistent national coordinate system, which includes: Latitude Longitude Height Scale Gravity Orientation

Federal Geospatial Summit NSRS New Adjustment 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit

NGS - RT Program Components NGS Streams Raw Data From The Backbone CORS Provide Outreach and Education Develop and Publish Guidelines Describing Best Practices. Research Scientific Research Affecting Accurate Real-Time Positioning. [satellite orbits, refraction, multipath, antenna calibration, and crustal motion.]

CSRN CSRN Board meetings CSRN Membership meeting Events Thursday, April 18th, 2013, 5:30 to 7:00 pm.  Location to be determined Thursday, September 19th, 2013, 5:30 to 7:00 pm.  LTBD CSRN Membership meeting Thursday, November 21st, 2013, 5:30 to 7:00 pm.  LTBD, topic and speaker to be selected Events Saturday, August 17th, 2013 – GPS Day.  LTBD Sometime in August or September – CSRN and Northern PLSC Chapters Picnic – Theme, checking instrument calibration

CBLs June 10 and June 17 New CBL in Denver Metro Area Workshop (How to) Re-Measure Highline Training for Pam Re-Measure Durango ?? New CBL in Denver Metro Area Complete all other CBLs in 2014

Ohio CBL http://digital.bnpmedia.com/publication/?i=143556&p=25 Feb 2013 POB

CBLs

LOCUS Leveling OnLine Calculations User Service Provides a means to process and adjust level data Has been done at NGS Headquarters Requires *.hgz file from Translev Error free Requires Description file from WinDesc You pick stations to constrain Helps expedite entire process Beta Version – Needs to be tested Data is not submitted to NGS (at this time)

NGS Training Center Webinars! http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/corbin/

Federal Geospatial Summit geodesy.noaa.gov http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/ IMPROVEMENTS 2010 May 11 Federal Geospatial Summit

More information… NGS Home Page: http://www.geodesy.noaa.gov CORS Webpage: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/ CORS newsletter OPUS Webpage: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/OPUS/ Find Your Advisor: www.ngs.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/AdvisorsIndex.shtml This presentation will be uploaded to: http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/web/science_edu/presentations_archive/ FAQs on the various webpages

A Question to Consider: What is good enough with respect to the NSRS, i.e. have we reached a level of precision and accuracy where further realizations (adjustments) are unnecessary?

How to Plan for the Future Move to a contemporary realization of NAD 83 Obtain precise ellipsoid heights on NAVD 88 bench marks (OPUS -DB) Improves hybrid geoid models and provides “hard points” in new vertical datum Move off of NGVD 29 to NAVD 88 Understand the accuracy of VERTCON in your area Move away from passive marks to GNSS Especially move off of classical passive control Require/provide complete metadata for all survey/mapping contracts How did they get the positions/heights? Survey Manual/Spatial Data Accuracy and Georeferencing Standards

Next Steps/Priorities CBL OPUS-DB (Begin implementing) Heights -Study

CO State Geodetic Advisor New Office as of Jan 22, 2013 Denver Federal Center Bldg 810 Room 5014 (Colorado Federal Executive Board) 303-202-4580 Cell 240-988-6363 Pamela.fromhertz@noaa.gov Geodesy.ngs.noaa.gov http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/ADVISORS/AdvisorsIndex.shtml