Past Reactor Experiments (Some Lessons From History)

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Presentation transcript:

Past Reactor Experiments (Some Lessons From History) Workshop on the feasibility study of the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment Jan. 17-18, 2004 in IHEP, Beijing Past Reactor Experiments (Some Lessons From History) Stuart Freedman University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Enrico Fermi

Inverse Beta Decay Cross Section and Spectrum

The first proposal for a neutrino experiment didn’t use a reactor

Poltergeist: the largest scintillator in the world

Neutrino Spectra from Principal Reactor Isotopes 235U fission

First Direct Detection of the Neutrino m n n

Backgrounds!

Long Baseline Reactor Neutrino Experiments KamLAND 20 m Chooz 4 m 1m Long Baseline Reactor Neutrino Experiments Poltergeist

Correlated Backgrounds from External Neutrons Palo Verde

Spallation Produced Radio-Isotopes in Liquid Scintillator Emax (MeV) Background - 12B 0.02 s 13.4 Uncorrelated 11Be 13.80 s 11.5 11Li 0.09 s 20.8 Correlated 9Li 0.18 s 13.6 8Li 0.84 s 16.0 8He 0.12 s 10.6 6He 0.81 s 3.5 +, EC 11C 20.38 m 0.96 10C 19.30 s 1.9 9C 0.13 s 8B 0.77 s 13.7 7Be 53.3 d 0.48

Bugey

Gosgen

Palo Verde 32 mwe 12 ton, Gd loaded, scintillating target 3 reactors: 11.6 GW Baselines 890 m and 750 m Expected rate of ~50 evts/day Palo Verde

Palo Verde

Chooz

Underground Vault for Chooz • 5 ton, Gd loaded, scintillating target 300 mwe 2 reactors: 8.5 GWl Baselines 1115 m and 998 m Expected ~25 evts/day

CHOOZ

Chooz

KamLAND Kamioka Liquid-Scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector

KamLAND Underground Laboratory

from 12C(n, g ) tcap = 188 +/- 23 msec

Systematic Uncertainties % Total LS mass 2.1 Fiducial mass ratio 4.1 Energy threshold 2.1 Tagging efficiency 2.1 Live time 0.07 Reactor power 2.0 Fuel composition 1.0 Time lag 0.28 e spectra 2.5 Cross section 0.2 Total uncertainty 6.4 % E > 2.6 MeV

Experimental Design Reactor Detector 1 Detector 2 d2 d1

Reactor q13 France Russia USA Japan China