Review 3A The Water Cycle & The Ocean

#1. Only 3% of the water on Earth is freshwater. About 60% of that water is not available for man's use because it is frozen.

#2. The greatest amount of Earth's freshwater is in glaciers and polar ice cap.

#3. Which step in the water cycle returns water to the atmosphere? precipitation

#4. Which step of the water cycle is when water vapor changes to liquid water? condensation

#5. Which step of the water cycle removes water from the oceans? evaporation

#6. Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation are part of the Water Cycle and are all connected. If the rate of evaporation over the ocean were to decrease for an extended length of time what would happen to precipitation? The amount of precipitation on land would decrease.

#7. Water on Earth is found naturally as a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Most of the solid water on Earth is in Earth's polar regions.

#8. The most important factor in determining how much groundwater can be stored in underground rock is the porosity of the rock - The size and about of holes.

#9. What is MOST LIKELY the difference between the water in a lake and the water in an ocean? The water in the oceans contains more dissolved minerals than the water in lakes.

#10. When ice forms in the oceans, what happens to the water found directly underneath the newly formed ice? The water below the newly formed ice becomes more salty.

#11. Mid-ocean ridges are areas of underwater mountain chains located near many active volcanoes.

#12. Oceans contain many dissolved elements like calcium, sodium, and chlorine and these elements plus others combine to form the salts in the oceans. The major source of calcium and sodium in oceans is weathering and erosion of rocks.

#13. The salts in the sea come from weathering and erosion of rocks

#14. If you want to determine whether the depth of water in a container had an effect on how quickly the water evaporated you would need to carry out her experiment. What variable would you change? the width of the container Which variables would you leave the same? The amount of water in the container, the location of the container, and the material the container is made of

#15. Oceans water is pulled toward the moon because of the moon’s gravity. As the Earth rotates on its axis, the water is being pulled in different areas. This causes low and high tides on coastal areas.

#16. The sun also pulls at the ocean water on Earth. When the sun, Earth, and moon are in a straight line the high tides are HIGHEST and the low tides are LOWEST. This is called a spring tide. Spring tides occur during the New Moon phase and Full Moon phases.

#17. Draw the TWO positions the moon can be in during a Spring Tide.

#18. A Neap Tide causes moderate high tides and moderate low tides. The sun and moon a form a 90 degree angle with Earth. The sun is pulling on the ocean waters in one direction and the moon is pulling in another direction. Neap tides occur during the Quarter Moon phases (first quarter and third quarter).

# 19. Draw the TWO positions the moon can be in during a Neap Tide.

# 20. The intertidal zone refers to the area at the seashore that is underwater during high tide and exposed during low tide.

#21. As the depth of the ocean increases, the amount of water pressure increases. The ocean pressure is the greatest in ocean trenches.

#22. The three major zones in the ocean: the surface, the middle, and the ocean floor. Nekton lives mainly in the middle zone.

#23. Ocean waves are created by the wind, differences in density, and the moon's gravity

#24. One way the North Atlantic Ocean is different from the South Pacific Ocean is that the North Atlantic has a larger average concentration of salt.