Chapter 2 Section 1 The Rise of Islam

Daily Life in Early Arabia 1. What is the geography of the Arabian peninsula like? It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west, the Persian Gulf to the east, and the Arabian Sea to the south. Heat is intense, and fresh water is mainly located in oases. Mountain ranges exist in the southwest where enough rain falls to support juniper and olive trees. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west, the Persian Gulf to the east, and the Arabian Sea to the south. Heat is intense, and fresh water is mainly located in oases. Mountain ranges exist in the southwest where enough rain falls to support juniper and olive trees.

The Arabian Peninsula

2. How did people survive in this climate? 2. How did people survive in this climate? Early Arabs organized loyal tribes with a leader called a sheikh. Bedouin tribes were desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis. Early Arabs organized loyal tribes with a leader called a sheikh. Bedouin tribes were desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis. An oasis is a green area in the desert nourish by underground water An oasis is a green area in the desert nourish by underground water

The Arabian Peninsula 3. How and where was trade conducted? 3. How and where was trade conducted? Many Arabs traveled in caravans to keep Bedouins from attacking them and stealing. Cities like Makkah (Mecca) grew as trade increased between India and the Mediterranean. Makkah would also become a very important religious site and the largest & richest city along Arab trade routes. Many Arabs traveled in caravans to keep Bedouins from attacking them and stealing. Cities like Makkah (Mecca) grew as trade increased between India and the Mediterranean. Makkah would also become a very important religious site and the largest & richest city along Arab trade routes.

Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet 4. Who is Muhammad? Muhammad is said to have been visited by an angel who inspired him to preach “Islam,” which means ‘surrendering to the will of Allah’ in Arabic. “Allah” is the Arab word for God. Muhammad is said to have been visited by an angel who inspired him to preach “Islam,” which means ‘surrendering to the will of Allah’ in Arabic. “Allah” is the Arab word for God.

Muhammad 5. Why did the religion catch on so fast in Makkah? Makkah, Muhammad’s home town, was a humble city, and the message Muhammad spread appealed to the people. Makkah, Muhammad’s home town, was a humble city, and the message Muhammad spread appealed to the people. Only 1 God All people are equal and the rich should share with the poor A Day of Judgment

Rise of Islam 6) What is the Kabba? 6) What is the Kabba? A low square building in Makkah/Mecca surrounded by pictures of gods & goddesses A low square building in Makkah/Mecca surrounded by pictures of gods & goddesses Arabs believe that the stone inside the Kaaba was sent from heaven Arabs believe that the stone inside the Kaaba was sent from heaven Muslims make a pilgrimage every year to visit. Muslims make a pilgrimage every year to visit.

Rise of Islam 7. Who opposed Muhammad’s teachings? 7. Who opposed Muhammad’s teachings? Wealthy merchants and religious leaders. Wealthy merchants and religious leaders. Why do you think they would not like his message? Why do you think they would not like his message?

Rise of Islam 7. Where did Muhammad and his family go? They left Makkah and resettled in what would later be called Madinah, or city of the prophet. They left Makkah and resettled in what would later be called Madinah, or city of the prophet.

Rise of Islam 8. How did Muhammad rule Madinah? He was a good ruler who created an Islamic State, a government that uses its political power to uphold Islam. All Muslims pledged loyalty to the Islamic state above their own tribe. Makkah surrendered out of fear of Muhammad’s army. 2 years later, in AD 632, Muhammad died, and Islam began to spread all over Arabia. He was a good ruler who created an Islamic State, a government that uses its political power to uphold Islam. All Muslims pledged loyalty to the Islamic state above their own tribe. Makkah surrendered out of fear of Muhammad’s army. 2 years later, in AD 632, Muhammad died, and Islam began to spread all over Arabia.

Islam’s Teachings 9. What are some aspects of Islam? Monotheistic Monotheistic Quran – Holy book of Islam Quran – Holy book of Islam Do not eat pork, drink liquor, or gamble Do not eat pork, drink liquor, or gamble 5 Pillars of Islam 5 Pillars of Islam Sunna – Customs based on Muhammad’s words and deeds. Sunna – Customs based on Muhammad’s words and deeds.

The 5 Pillars of Islam 10. What are the 5 pillars of Islam? Belief – Muslims declare there is no God other than Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. Belief – Muslims declare there is no God other than Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. Prayer – 5 times per day facing Makkah Prayer – 5 times per day facing Makkah Charity – Muslims must give to the poor Charity – Muslims must give to the poor Fasting – No eating from dawn to dusk during Ramadan Fasting – No eating from dawn to dusk during Ramadan Pilgrimage – Muslims should visit Makkah once in their lifetime. Pilgrimage – Muslims should visit Makkah once in their lifetime.