Delmar Learning Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning company Chapter 2 Historical Development of Community Health Nursing

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Historical Background of Public Health Middle Ages Renaissance Industrial Revolution 18 th & 19 th Century Europe

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Historical Development of Community Health Nursing in America Colonial America 18 th Century 19 th Century 20 th Century

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 International Initiatives in Public Health World Health Organization  Alma Ata  Health for All Initiative  Healthy Cities and Communities  Healthy People 2010

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Contributions of Florence Nightingale Established modern nursing Served in the Crimean War Improved conditions for wounded soldiers Used statistics to document health problems Promoted public health policies

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Establishment of Community Health Nursing Sister Mary Augustine  Irish Sisters of Charity William Rathbone  District Nursing Association

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Evolution of Community Health Nursing in the U.S. Visiting Nursing Henry Street Settlement School Nursing Rural Nursing Occupational Health Nursing

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Community Health Nursing Leaders Lillian Wald Mary Brewster Lavinia Dock Margaret Sanger

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Nursing Organizations National League for Nursing  Established training standards for nursing American Nurses Association  Established ethical and professional standards for nursing National Organization of Public Health Nursing

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Nursing Education Goldmark Report Public health nursing content in Baccalaureate programs

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Influences of War on Community Health Nursing World War I  American Red Cross  Military  U.S. Public Health Service World War II  Army and Navy Nurse Corps

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Federal Government Influence on Community Health Nursing 1930 – National Institutes of Health 1935 – Social Security Act, OASDI 1966 – Medicare 1967 – Medicaid

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Evolution of Community Health Nursing 1960s  Head Start  Nurse practitioner movement 1970s  Hospice movement  Elder day care  Birthing centers  Rehabilitation services

Copyright © 2003 Delmar Learning, a Thomson Learning companyChapter 2 Evolution of Community Health Nursing 1980s  Prospective payment system (DRGs)  Higher patient acuity & decreased length of stay  Increased utilization of home health care 1990s  Health care system restructuring  Increased delivery of nursing care in community settings