Interpreting High Resolution Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect Observations with MUSTANG Charles Romero University of Virginia, National Radio Astronomy Observatory 1 Brian Mason, Craig Sarazin, Mark Whittle, Mike Skrutskie, and Barry Condron

Jack Sayers (Caltech) Nicole Czakon (Sinica) Phil Korngut (JPL/Caltech) Collaborators Brian Mason (NRAO) Simon Dicker (UPenn) Alex Young (MIT-LL) Mark Devlin (UPenn) Erik Reese (Moorpark) Tony Mroczkowski (NRL) Jon Seivers (KwaZulu-Natal) Craig Sarazin (U Virginia) Tracy Clarke (NRL) Sunil Golwala (Caltech) Sara Stanchfield (Upenn) Credit: NASA Key: Graduate Student, Postdoc, Faculty 2 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Outline of Talk Galaxy Clusters – Why study them? SZ Observations – Substructure & Bulk ICM Fitted pressure profiles MUSTANG-2 – Science & Hardware Conclusions & future work Uchicago, adapted from L. Van Sproyboeck 3 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Galaxy Clusters 80-90% Dark Matter 9-18% ICM Gas – n e ~ to [cm -3 ] – k B T e ~ 5 keV (T e ~ 6 x 10 7 K) 1-2% Galaxies 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero – M ○ R 500 ~ 1 Mpc

X-ray cavities Sloshing Radio relics Radio halos Radio phoenixes Shocks Cold fronts 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero5 Fabian+ 2006, Russell+ 2012, van Weeren+ 2012, Giacintucci ICM Physics

Cluster Mass  Cosmology Growth of structure Springel July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

SZ surveys and scaling relations 7 Marriage Czakon Credit: M. Markevitch Y-M scaling relation 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Cosmological Parameter Constraints Sehgal Without scatter in scaling relation With scatter in scaling relation 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

This Study: CLASH clusters 20 X-ray selected 5 lensing selected Multi-wavelength! 0.18 < z < 0.89 Postman July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Outline of Talk Galaxy Clusters – Why study them? SZ Observations – Substructure & Bulk ICM Fitted pressure profiles MUSTANG-2 – Science & Hardware Conclusions & future work Uchicago, adapted from L. Van Sproyboeck July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG’s view of CLASH (+1) July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Studying the ICM: Radio (SZ) Credit: Ned Wright Sunyaev Zel’dovich Effect Δ I ∝ P e 12 MUSTANG 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG + GBT The Green Bank Telescope – Off-axis Gregorian design – 290 MHz to 100 GHz – 240 μm surface RMS – 90 GHz effective area : 2500 m 2 – 90 GHz beam size : 9" FWHM – 2” pointing accuracy MUSTANG – 64 absorber coupled TESs – 42” FOV – 400 μJy/beam in 3’ x 3’ per hour – Cold reimaging optics The science – Star Forming regions – Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect (SZE) 100 m 1 pixel July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Observing via the SZ effect 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero14

Data Processing: MUSTANG Filter out scales > FOV July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG results Korngut Mason July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG results, cont. MACS 0717 Mroczkowski July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG Beam July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Point Source Removal July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Point source removal (cont.) 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero20

Outline of Talk Galaxy Clusters – Why study them? SZ Observations – Substructure & Bulk ICM Fitted pressure profiles MUSTANG-2 – Science & Hardware Conclusions & future work Uchicago, adapted from L. Van Sproyboeck July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Bolocam + MUSTANG 22 Bolocam (on the CSO) 8’ FOV 58” FWHM at 2.1mm (140 GHz) Bolocam Beam MUSTANG Beam 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Pressure Profiles Previous studies have constrained these parameters over their samples of clusters – Nagai 2007, Arnaud 2010, Planck 2012, and Sayers July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Linear Joint Fitting 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero ++ ? 24

MACS 1206 (sequential fit) 25 Young et al (arXiv: ) 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MACS 0647 (simultaneous fit!) 26 Romero et al (arXiv: ) Bolocam only Bolocam + MUSTANG 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Abell Romero et al (arXiv: ) Bolocam only Bolocam + MUSTANG 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero Abell 1835: SZE vs. X-ray

Comparison of profile sets 28 MACS 0647 Abell July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Constraints over all clusters 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 29Charles Romero

Subdivided 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 30 Cool cores clearly have steeper core pressure profiles Charles Romero

Comparing Pressure Profiles 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 31 Our sample shows more dispersion at large radii. Arnaud Charles Romero

Y-M relation 32Charles Romero 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense

SZ + X-ray SZ is directly proportional to P e X-ray emissivity is proportional n e 2 T 1/2 – X-ray constrains n e well 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 33 Constrain T e = P e(SZ) / n e(X) Constrain elongation along LOS (ε = [P e(sz) / P e(X) ] 2 ) Constrain helium sedimentation Charles Romero

15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero34 Separate from cluster geometry (elongation) and He sedimentation modeling. Blue = ACCEPT (Cavagnolo+ 2009) Green = This work Solid line: Vikhlinin model Dotted line: Bulbul model Deriving Electron Temperatures

Cluster Geometry 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero35 b a

Cluster Geometry 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero36 b a

Helium Sedimentation: Models 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 37 Proposed as early as Gilfanov Potential sedimentation calculated by Chuzhoy+ 2004, Peng & Nagai 2009 Some constraints from Markevitch 2007 Bulbul investigated impact on scaling relations Need high resolution SZ to do this! (scales < 0.1 * R 500 ) R 500 ~ 4-6 arcmin Charles Romero

Helium Sedimentation: Fitting I 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 38 Must account for a global offset in pressure between SZ and X-ray Offset could be due to elongation along the LOS. Abell 1835MACS 1311 Charles Romero

Helium Sedimentation: Fitting II 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 39 Rescaled P e(SZ) can now be compared to P e(X) Fit model ratios to data. Charles Romero

Outline of Talk Galaxy Clusters – Why study them? SZ Observations – Substructure & Bulk ICM Fitted pressure profiles MUSTANG-2 – Science & Hardware Conclusions & future work Uchicago, adapted from L. Van Sproyboeck July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG-2 Dicker et al dual polarization feeds 75 – 105 GHz bandpass Antenna +Feedhorn coupled TES bolometers. 9” beam 4.2’ field of view on GBT (9” and 42” for MUSTANG) >200 times faster mapping speeds July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MUSTANG July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero42 Detector module 64 dual polarization feeds 2.5’ field of view on GBT ~40 times faster mapping speeds First light this past spring

Window Determine transmission properties of window materials 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero43

Window Results Total transmission, absorption, and reflection determined. 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero44

Chandra X-ray image Russell et al. (2012) Shocks: Abell 2146

Shock Heating

Observing Abell 2146 Observed in Winter 2011; >7 hours on source

Outline of Talk Galaxy Clusters – Why study them? SZ Observations – Substructure & Bulk ICM Fitted pressure profiles MUSTANG-2 – Science & Hardware Conclusions & future work Uchicago, adapted from L. Van Sproyboeck July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Conclusions Able to constrain pressure profile – MUSTANG adds ability to constrain γ – Pressure profile shape in agreement with previous gNFW results Addition of X-ray data reveals: – Differences between SZ and X-ray profiles – Geometric, temperature, and other checks. 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero49

Appendix 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero50

Future Work abc 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero51

Centroids July 2015 Dissertation Defense Comparing Confidence intervals based on assumed centroid. Charles Romero

Future Work: NIKA-2 IRAM 30m with 6.5’ FOV FWHM: 150 GHz; 240 GHz 1000 pixels for 150 GHz, 2000 pixels for each linear polarization at 240 GHz 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 53 Monfardini Charles Romero

X-ray Properties of Clusters 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 54 Mantz Charles Romero

Ensemble Pressure Profiles 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero55

SZ fits to ACCEPT pressure 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 56Charles Romero

15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero57

Deriving Electron Temperatures 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense 58 Abell 1835MACS 1311 Blue = ACCEPT (Cavagnolo+ 2009) Red = ACCEPT2 (Baldi+ current work ) Green = This work Separate from cluster geometry (elongation) and He sedimentation modeling. Charles Romero

Abell 1835 A10 α and β July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MACS 0647 A10 α and β July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Conclusions MUSTANG sees substructure and compact sources in many clusters – Substructure can reveal dynamics of the cluster Point sources can easily be dealt with. The addition of MUSTANG data to Bolocam does increase ability to constraint γ. – Combination with X-ray allows for constraints on helium sedimentation or temperature profiles. MUSTANG-1.5 will do significantly better July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Beam uncertainties 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero62

Correlation Matrix July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Winter/Spring 2015: MUSTANG detectors populated Several proposals for the spring PIs: Dicker, Gilbank, Romero, Edge, Crichton July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Observing strategies 65 FOV 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

MACS 0647 (sequential fit) 66 Young et al (arXiv: ) 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Galaxy Clusters Credit: NASA Vacca Optical X-ray July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero

Observing with MUSTANG ~20 hours per cluster Good weather Calibration every 30 min. OOF  adjust GBT surface 15 July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero FOV 68

Y-M scaling relation – Liang Yu, Kaylea Nelson, and Daisuke Nagai – Also D talk at AAS July 2015 Dissertation Defense Charles Romero