World War 1 – “The War to End all Wars” “The Great War”

Causes of WWI Nationalism a strong sense of believing in ones own country to where your own country is better than any other Alliance systems countries form a huge alliance with each other in order to intimidate other countries from attack them – The Triple Alliance-Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Italy – The Triple Entente- France, Great Britain, and Russia Balkan crisis – in 1908 Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia – nationalists there angry about it Militarism= glorification of the military Many countries were preparing for war even before they had anyone to fight

The Spark that Set the War on Fire That lit the powder keg” June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was Assassinated during a visit to a rival country – He was shot by a Serbian terrorist, member of the Black Hand – Hungary had imperial control over Serbia (Serbia was key in controlling the Balkans – Serbian (Balkan) nationalists didn’t like it; so to show it they assassinated the archduke Alliance system goes into effect – Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary – Germany declares war on Russia – France declares war on Germany – Great Britain declares war on Germany because GB had allied with France; and Germany had attacked neutral Belgium Germany makes the first move because they are still angry over the decisions in the Congress of Vienna - in the agreement European monarchs took territory away from Germany

The War Front Germany hoped for a quick victory by use of its well thought out plan called the Schlieffen Plan France responded and stopped the German troops by building trenches all the way to the English Channel This line becomes known as the Western Front This form of warfare (Trench Warfare) becomes the chief way of fighting during WWI and leads to stalemate – Troops advanced from trench to trench, across No Man’s Land, then retreat back to their former trenches – Troops spent years living in the trenches full of human death, feces, and rats – There was nothing to eat except for what supply lines brought troops - soldiers even ate rats, b/c vegetation had been bombed No Man’s Land

Technology of the War Maxim Machine Gun Maxim Machine Gun

Technology of the War Gas- Mustard, Chlorine Estimated totals of causalities of Gas attacks: – German-Fatal-9,000….Non Fatal-200,000 – British-Fatal-8109….Non Fatal-188,706

Technology of the War Tanks- British Mark I T – Slow, but created a fear factor

Technology of the War Submarine – U-Boat, unterseeboot – invented by Germany and used to stop US, British supply convoys and troops ships

Technology of the War Airplane- Used at first for reconnaissance, surveillance. – During the last year of the war, planes used for dog fighting to control the skies – Red Baron – German – Manferd Von Riechtoven Shot down 80 allied planes before he was shot down

Reason U.S. joins the war A German U- Boat sank the Lusitania, U.S. ship, killing 126 passengers Public opinion sways in favor of kicking German butt

The Treaty of Versailles The final peace settlement of Paris ended with five separate peace treaties with the 5 defeated nations of the war: – Germany – Austria – Hungary – Bulgaria – Turkey Versailles near Paris, France in June 1918.

The Treaty of Versailles The Germans considered it a harsh treaty -article 231 “War Guilt” clause said Germany was responsible for starting the war. The other articles in the treaty required Germany to pay reparations for the war to the Allied Nations for ALL the damage the nations had suffered during the war - How can a war torn country, now 30 billion in debt, pay it back? This Treaty will be one of the chief reasons Germany will be thrown into World War 2

Flashcards!!!! – This is your study guide for Monday’s test! 1.Triple Alliance 2.Triple Entente 3.Nationalism 4.Militarism 5.Alliance System 6.Balkan Crisis 7.The Spark 8.Black Hand 9.Schlieffen Plan 10.Western Front 11.Trench Warfare 12.No Man’s Land 13.Stalemate 14.New Technology 15.Lusitania 16.Reconnaissance 17.Red Baron 18.Treaty of Versailles 19.Reparations