Chapter 3: Interlanguage Second Language Acquisition SLA1 此簡報可能會牽涉到聽眾的討論 活動，也就是所謂的執行項目。 因此在進行簡報時﹐可充份利用 PowerPoint 來記錄這些執行項 目： 於投影片放映狀態按下滑鼠右鍵 選取〔會議記錄簿〕 選取〔執行項目〕 標籤 將出現的意見都記錄於此 按下〔確定〕以結束此對話方塊 在簡報進行到最後時 ﹐ PowerPoint 將會自動的建立一 個執行項目投影片﹐並將你所記 錄的內容顯示在該投影片上

2015/12/9SLA2 Interlanguage (Selinker, 1972)  Definition  Internal system that a learner has constructed at a single point in time (I.e. an interlanguage)  Learners’ developing second language knowledge

Interlanguage 2015/12/9SLA3

2015/12/9SLA4 key questions  What is the nature of the interlanguage continuum?  What processes are responsible for interlanguage construction?  What explanation is there for the fact that most learners do not achieve full target language competence?

2015/12/9SLA5 What is the nature of the interlanguage continuum/system?  systematic  rapid change, consists of a series of overlapping grammars  complexification

2015/12/9SLA6 What process are responsible for interlanguage construction?  language transfer  transfer of training  strategies of L2 learning  strategies of L2 communication  overgeneralization

2015/12/9SLA7 Language transfer  Characteristics of L1  Example:  *I very much like this book.  …..

2015/12/9SLA8 Transfer of training  Features created by the teacher or textbook lead to acquisition with a non-native result  Example:  Overemphasis of English progressive form *I am admiring you.

2015/12/9SLA9 Overgeneralization  Apply a linguistic rule to all kinds of context  Example:  Past tense –ed  I walked to school.  *I goed to school.

2015/12/9SLA10 Strategies of L2 learning  Learners’ attempt to commit aspects of L2 to memory  Example:  Rote learning

2015/12/9SLA11 Strategies of communication  Communication strategies are used when L2 learners have difficulty expressing their meaning in L2  Example:  Avoidance

2015/12/9SLA12 Interlanguage-revisited System Interlanguage rule 1 Interlanguage rule 2 Interlanguage rule 3 Interlanguage rule 4 Interlanguage rule 5 … …. Process Language transfer from L1 Transfer of training Overgeneralization of perceived L2 pattern Strategies of communication Strategies of L2 learning Output of interlangua ge system Actual production and reception

2015/12/9SLA13 What explanation is there for the fact that most learners do not achieve full L2 competence?  fossilization

2015/12/9SLA14 fossilization  Interlanguage patterns which seems not change, even after extended exposure to or instruction in L2  Example:  -s addition when the subject is 3 rd person and singular

2015/12/9SLA15 A computational model  Input  ‘black box’  Intake  L2 knowledge  output

2015/12/9SLA16 Exercise  It is said that L2 learner can achieve a native- like proficiency, but never a full L2 proficiency. What explanations are there for the fact? Give two theories and examples to support your arguments.