The Great War World War I

Links Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand Discovery Ed: WWI WWI PPT Personal Stories Sounds of WWI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gx7WAu_jAnQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOjOVFQoAoM&feature=related

Map of Participants in WWI Allied Powers were: France, United Kingdom, Russia, United States Central Powers were: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey Directions: Fill in your map using the following countries. Color Allied Powers blue and Central Powers red. Fill in the Map Key at the bottom of the map.

World War I: Map of Europe, 1914

Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers: Germany Great Britain World War I France Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Turkey) Russia

Causes of WWI-MANIA!! Militarism-Policy of building up a strong Military to prepare for war Alliances- Agreements between nations to provide aid and protect on another Nationalism- extreme pride in one’s country Imperialism- when one country takes over another country economically and politically Assassination- of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand

The 5 Major Causes of WWI 3. Nationalism 1. Militarism Countries throughout Europe made built a strong defense to prepare for war. 2. Alliances An agreement that if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to help protect them. 3. Nationalism The nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed to the beginning and length of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power. 4. Imperialism Imperialism is when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. The raw materials these areas could provide were appealing to these countries. The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to confrontation that helped push the world into World War I. 5. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand The final trigger to the beginning of World War I (that made all the items come into play; alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was this assassination.

Aggressive Nationalism

The War and Industrial Revolution: New Technology

What new weapons were used in WWI Machine Guns Poison Gas Submarine (U Boat) Airplane Tank All of these weapons existed because of the Industrial Revolution.

French Renault Tank

“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917 The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

U-Boats

Answer: Trench Warfare Why was WWI a Stalemate? What is a stalemate? When neither side can make a move to win. Question: What was the solution for all of the new technology that was being used in WWI? Answer: Trench Warfare Millions of people died, but not ground was gained.

Trench Warfare It was a form of combat in which soldiers dug trenches, or deep ditches, to seek protection from enemy fire & to defend their positions.

http://www.uncp.edu/home/rwb/Trenches_WW1_Diagram.gif This is a diagram of trenches. There were more than two opposing lines of trenches. Notice how letters A, B, & C all show different “lines” of trenches for one side. The opposing side would obviously have more than one “line” as well. Trench warfare was not a new concept. Soldiers had been hiding behind mounds of earth and other objects for shelter for years, but this was the biggest scale trenches had ever been used.

No Man’s Land The stretch of land between the front line trenches was dangerous. No Man's Land contained miles of barbed wire, hundreds of corpses, and land mines. Sometimes as narrow as 15 yards or as wide as several hundred yards, No Man's Land was heavily guarded by machine gun and sniper fire. Soldiers were forced to cross No Man's Land to advance or scout for enemy positions. Official truces were often necessary to retrieve the wounded or bury the dead.

http://www.firstworldwar.com/photos/graphics/gw_canadianinf_01.jpg

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES Lived very close to other soldiers. Not much room to move around. Overview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOjOVFQoAoM&feature=related

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cheshire_Regiment_trench_Somme_1916.jpg This photograph is a good example of life in a trench. What do you see in this photograph? man at the ready men sleeping not much room barbed wire

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES Trenches could be miserable sometimes trench foot Rainstorms trench foot sanitation lice & rats How could rainstorms make living in trenches miserable? trenches are dug out areas in the earth rain + earth = mud/puddles Trench foot was something that happened often to soldiers. You know how you get wrinkly after you’re in the bath or swimming for a long time? Basically, that is trench foot. When your feet get wet and stay wet for such a long time. Soldiers would need to change their socks multiple times a day—some troops were even issued three pairs of socks. http://www.harris-academy.com/departments/history/Trenches/KatieS/katie2.htm

Trench Food A total of 3,240,948 tons of food was sent to the front lines. The bulk of their diet was bully beef (caned corned beef), bread and biscuits. By the winter of 1916 flour was in such short supply that bread was being made with dried ground turnips. Finally, the main food was pea-soup with a few lumps of horsemeat

POISON GAS a new weapon used in the war different types blind choke Burn There were different kinds of gas that could be used. Some kinds would blind  bromacetone, 1916, used by both sides Some would choke you when you breathed it in  chlorine, 1915, used by both sides Some would burn or blister your skin  mustard gas, used by both sides The value of gas as a weapon was limited. Some countries were able to produce gas masks that would help soldiers through a gas attack. The use of gas rests solely on the wind—if the wind, for instance, changed direction, the gas could blow back to your own side. It was good, however, in that it could creep across no man’s land and, since it is slightly heavier than air, it would sink down into the trenches.

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

Poison Gas Machine Gun

World War I Casualties

Cost of the war 15 million people were killed. About 1/3 of the soldiers that fought in the war were wounded. The economic cost was severe. Estimates put the damage at about 100 trillion modern U.S. dollars. The European economy was left in shambles and the U.S. emerged as the dominant world economic power.

Trench Warfare Activity Sounds of WWI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gx7WAu_jAnQ&feature=related You and your group are to make a trench using your desks. Create your own ammo using paper. Listen the sounds of war. Write a final letter home that you would like someone to give your family if you did not survive. Be as descriptive as possible.

World War II: Map of Europe; 1939