Greek Mythology: lecture 3

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Mythology: lecture 3 HERACLES

Birth & Ancestry Amphitryon (son on Alcaeus) m. Alcmene > sent to avenge death of her brothers Zeus comes to Alcmene & lengthens night Amphitryon returns to Thebes & fathers Iphicles: heteropaternal superfecundation Hera angry: persuades Zeus to swear that child born that night to House of Perseus would be king > slows Alcmene’s labour & causes Eurystheus (son of Sthenelus) to be born prematurely

Youth Attacked by serpents in cradle Taught by Amphitryon (chariot), Autolycus (wrestling), Eurytus (bow), Castor (sword/javelin), Linus (lyre) Murdered Linus Slayed Cithaeronian lion Bedded 50 daughters of Thespius

Labours Bring skin of Nemean lion Kill Lernaean hydra Capture Cerynitian (Ceryneian) hind Capture Erymanthian boar Clean stables of Augeias Drive away Stymphalian birds Capture Cretan bull Capture mares of Diomedes Get belt of Hippolyta Bring cattle of Geryon Fetch apples of the Hesperides Bring Cerberus from Hades Different sources give different reasons for labours, and occasionally different tasks Originally 10 set, but Eurystheus would not acknowledge hydra (Iolaus helped) or stables (offered payment) – set last 2 Accomplished many minor labours while doing these, including Argo. Also took many lovers, both male & female.

Minor labours (parerga) Rescued Hesione from sea-monster Battled Achelous for Deianeira Slew centaur Nessus as he tried to rape her Slew giant Alcyoneus Slew earthborn giant Antaeus Captures Cercopes (thieves) Slew eagle set to torment Prometheus Slew centaur Eurytion Battled centaurs

a) Killing monstrous animals LION HYDRA

b) Capturing edible animals HIND BULL MARES BOAR BIRDS CATTLE

c) Labours for/against humans STABLES GIRDLE

d) ‘otherworld’ labours APPLES OF HESPERIDES CERBERUS

Wives, lovers & dynasties 52 sons by 50 daughters of Thespius (kings of Thespiae/founded colony of Sardinia) Echidna (Dracontidae – house of Cadmus) Megara (Therimachus, Deicoon, Creontiades – murdered) Deianeira (Hyllus, Ctesippos, Glenos, Oneites, ‘Macaria’ – Dorian/Spartan kings) Omphale (Agelaus – Lydian kings) Iole (given to Hyllus) Full list: http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Heracles1.html

Eromenoi Iolaus (Argos/Thebes) Hylas (Dryopian/Chios) Elacatas (Sparta) Abderus (Abdera) Philoctetes, Nestor, Iphitus, Nireus, Adonis, Jason, Corythus, Stichius, Phrix/Trinx

Fundamental ambiguity God/apotheosised Son of Zeus Name means ‘glory of Hera’ Culture hero Hyper-masculine Mortal/dead Eternally in service Hounded by stepmother Destructive brute Gender ambiguity

Explanations? Burkert 1985: Sergeant 1987: Conglomerate of tales with no authoritative poetic definition? Wish-fulfilment & its antithesis – extreme must turn to opposite to reaffirm itself? Sergeant 1987: 2 different Heracles in ancient tradition – Argive wild-man & Boeotian culture hero?