Frames of Analysis of Heritage Tourism Critical Discourse Analysis.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Zina OLeary (2009) The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project. London: Sage Chapter 1 Taking the Leap into the Research World Zina OLeary.
Advertisements

The Assumptions of a Culture-centered Perspective:
Knowledge and the Geography Curriculum
Soft Systems: an Interdisciplinary Method Dr Karen Bowler Marine and Coastal Policy Research Group School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences.
 Experimental Pathology research report structure.
What is heritage significance?
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF SCIENCE?
Discourse in social change Ideology is the prime means of manufacturing consent (Fairclough 2001)
English 472 A Review. Overview  Histories  Theories  Questions and Quandaries.
Frederick Jackson Turner’s Frontier Thesis
Chapter Three Building and Testing Theory. Building Theory Human Nature –Determinism: assumes that human behavior is governed by forces beyond individual.
Sociology, History, Technology: Technological Determinism Along the Disciplinary Divides Kimberly Lemon June 26, 2007 Dr. Gu ENGL 8121.
Methodologies... Summer School, Applied Social Studies, UCC. Thursday 23 rd June, 2011 Discourse Analysis as a Critical Tool for Policy Analysis Elizabeth.
 What is the main difference between psychology and sociology?
By Patrick Bongo Student No MA in International Relations Staffordshire University.
Microsoft 2013 All Rights Reserved. Partners in Learning School Research Background.
Chapter 15 Ethnographic Designs
Qualitative Data Analysis : An introduction Carol Grbich Chapter 19: Discourse Analysis.
Science and Engineering Practices
Norm Theory and Descriptive Translation Studies
Reliability & Validity Qualitative Research Methods.
P ARTICIPATORY A CTION R ESEARCH Involving Constituents in Social Change Oriented Research.
Chapter 17 Ethnographic Research Gay, Mills, and Airasian
Introduction to Literary Theory, Feminist and Gender Criticism
PRIMARY/SECONDARY SOURCE HISTORY LABS SOCIAL STUDIES CRITICAL THINKING LABS.
Introduction to Literary Theory, Feminist and Gender Criticism
The Use of Student Work as a Context for Promoting Student Understanding and Reasoning Yvonne Grant Portland MI Public Schools Michigan State University.
Research methods for investigating academic writing: practices and text perspectives Caroline Coffin, The Open University, UK Sue Hood, University of Technology.
Chapter 17, Religion Key Terms.
The Almighty Critical Look at Critical Language Teacher Education.
Interpreting and Evaluating Visual Images. The Four Stages of Visual Analysis Describing ✔ Questioning ✔ Interpreting Evaluating.
Devereux Chapter 1 “Political Economy and Cultural Studies Approaches to the Analysis of Media”
REVISIONS TO GENERAL EDUCATION STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Auburn University Senate Information Item, August 2014.
Politics and Political Science. Defining Characteristics of Politics making of decisions for groups 1.Involves the making of decisions for groups of people.
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved. John W. Creswell Educational Research: Planning,
News & Media Critical Discourse Analysis: A Quick Introduction (Teun A. van Dijk) Prepared by Mr. Tommie Chen 25 th June 2009.
1 Theoretical Paradigms. 2 Theoretical Orientation  Also called paradigms and approaches  A paradigm is a “loose collection of logically related assumptions,
Division Of Early Warning And Assessment MODULE 5: PEER REVIEW.
LEVEL 3 I can identify differences and similarities or changes in different scientific ideas. I can suggest solutions to problems and build models to.
Interpretative Theories BASIC IDEAS The social world is a world made up of purposeful actors who acquire, share, and interpret a set of meanings, rules,
Methodological Framework for the Assessment of Governance Institutions P. Diaz and A. Rojas PFRA Workshop, March 17, 2006.
WHAT IS THE NATURE OF SCIENCE?. SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW 1.The Universe Is Understandable. 2.The Universe Is a Vast Single System In Which the Basic Rules.
Qualitative Research January 19, Selecting A Topic Trying to be original while balancing need to be realistic—so you can master a reasonable amount.
1 THE DESIGN OF INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS Stuart Umpleby The George Washington University Washington, DC.
HISTORICAL THINKING A lesson on WHY and HOW we study history.
LECTURE GEOG 270 Fall 2007 December 5, 2007 Joe Hannah, PhD Department of Geography University of Washington.
Chapter 2: Constraints and Challenges for the Global Manager
Academic Reading ENG 115.
Including School Stakeholders. There are many individuals and groups associated with schools and many of these people are likely to have valuable ideas.
Cunningham - Cunningham - Saigo: Environmental Science 7 th Ed. Environmental Ethics and Philosophy Chapter 2.
Power Point Slides by Ronald J. Shope in collaboration with John W. Creswell Chapter 15 Ethnographic Designs.
IB-ITGSIB-ITGS Mr. Ketner Assigned Seats. IB-ITGS Syllabus please get signed and return!
Informed conservation, significance and conservation plans HSEd Jules Brown North of England Civic Trust.
COMS 360 Mass Communication Mass Media and Cultural Studies 2/18/2016Professor Jeppesen1.
CIV Class 2 january 23, 2015 Two approaches to analyzing cultural history Michel Foucault TS Kuhn Analyzing art.
“ WHAT Science IS AND Science is NOT ” SCIENCE IS…
Grounded theory, discourse analysis and hermeneutics Part Two – Discourse Analysis ERPM001 Interpretive Methodologies Dr Alexandra Allan.
TEXT & MEANING Postcolonial Theory. Postcolonial Theory –What it is Focuses on the reading and writing of literature written in previously or currently.
Heritage management plan -1 -Reminders General structure of the Management plan -Context of the Management plan -Certified Report Diagnotis Governance.
Class 2 What is social work and what do social workers do ?
Introduction Social ecological approach to behavior change
© Shuang Liu, Zala Volčič and Cindy Gallois 2015
DEFINITION CDA is an analytical research methodology that proposes a study of the relations between discourse, power, dominance and social inequality Accordingly,
IB Assessments CRITERION!!!.
The Viability of Contemporary Liberalism
Reading Interests of Adults
Class 2 What is social work and what do social workers do ?
Critical Theory: Feminist and Gender Criticism
Introduction to Literary Theory, Feminist and Gender Criticism
HIST300: Historiography Fall 2012
Presentation transcript:

Frames of Analysis of Heritage Tourism Critical Discourse Analysis

The problems of unproblematic history We have seen that a number of disciplines (scholarly or professional communities) regularly investigate the realm of heritage tourism. – What is less clear is how we can usefully absorb and inform our own work by being aware of other disciplinary approaches to the study of heritage tourism. What I believe you will have seen if you read Laurajane Smith’s first chapter is that it is not possible to simply compile a bibliography of all the writings upon the subject and then come to an understanding of what is true, or good, or appropriate in heritage tourism, or in the broader field of heritage studies in which historic preservation (as it is called in the United States) is our focus in this major at the University of Mary Washington. As a student of heritage it is important to recognize different disciplinary approaches, including: – methods of constructing proof – Definitions of what is appropriate and not appropriate for study – Important writings that validate the approach by showing how useful information and conclusions can be reached by applying the methods and definitions. These have been called paradigms of a discipline, but might as easily be called the “frames of analysis.

Modernism and Post-Modernism Modernism as an intellectual force sought truth in social analysis through the use of scientific metaphors and quantitative analysis. Modernism was a positivistic analysis believing that all behaviors have a materialist basis and thus could be modified by changing the conditions. Post-Modernism as an intellectual force strongly rejects the absolutism and reductionism of modernist conclusions, and asserts that the materialist base is really a social construction. At the most extreme this position is hyper-relativistic.

Denying Heritage Intended to shock us. More than one interpretation of past Assertion of manipulation for control Consensus denies validity of alternate interpretations

Critical Discourse Analysis Developed by Norman Fairclough (1989) Links the study of power (control) with language use. Discourse – Interpretations spoken as descriptions, where the proof is not questioned. In an argument or debate the positions are given as true. – In competing discourses the same anti-government guerrillas could described as either "freedom fighters" or "terrorists.“ Discourse according to Foucault is related to power as it operates by rules of exclusion. – Discourse therefore is controlled by objects – what can be spoken of; – Ritual – where and how one may speak – and the privileged, who may speak

Naturalizing Heritage As Dominant discourses (heritage) are repeated they become internalized, what Smith and others would call “naturalized” by which Smith means accepted as correct without question. “Particular practices, sections of society, such as bodies of expertise, areas of policy development, public employees, community groups... Have particular discourses internalized within them that help them to shape social life and particular behavour and practices. Critical Discourse Analysis –an analysis of the social and political context of that discourse.... In legitimizing and naturalizing the ideologies and range of cultural and social assumptions... discourses can have a persuasive power in maintaining and legitimating hierarchies of social relations.

Discourse of monumentality and heritage Naturalizes the national (as opposed to the regional) discourse Substituted aesthetic and romantic discourse about the object for the discourse about the actions or individuals. International heritage development sought to naturalize the discourse of monumentality to world heritage. – Key role of the Venice Charter. Burra Charter (Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance) Significance deemed to be inherent in the fabric of the building. – Revisions to expand community participation in conservation “works to compromise that participation... it has not altered the dominant sense of trusteeship of expert authority over the material fabric.”

Authorized Heritage Discourse Focuses attention on aesthetically pleasing material objects, sites, places, and or landscapes that current generations must care for... And to forge a sense of common identity based on the past. Defines the legitimate spokespersons. – Vagueness of “the past.” – Subject to judgment of experts, historians and archaeologists. Leaves those descendants of producers of past outside interpretation. Heritage is innately valuable. Heritage is symbolic representation of identity. – Heritage excludes competing discourses and is something that is engaged passively.

How Authorized Heritage Discourse impacts the public Public conceptualized as empty vessels. Discourse that mass tourism reduced heritage to simple entertainment. Heritage phase has transformed heritage into a product for consumption in the marketplace. Obscures the sense of action or critical engagement on the part of non-expert users of heritage.

Dissenting discourses Community participation Greatest challenge has been through indigenous peoples. – More profound than simple ownership of materials of past. When challenging discourses focus on materiality they obscure the issues of social and political marginalization. Tend to be top-down, not bottom up discourse.

Other Frames Management Assessment Stakeholders