Anatomy and Physiology Tissue Types

Prefixes, Suffixes, and Roots Uni – one Multi – many Pseudo – false Osseous – bone Nucleate – nucleus Histo- tissue Epi – above

Key Terms Histology: – the study of tissues Tissues: – groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions

Four Basic Kinds of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Locations: Covers the body; has one unattached surface Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body Covers the organs inside body cavities Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury, Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

Types of Epithelial Tissue Simple squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Simple cubodial epithelium Simple columnar epithelium Pseudostratfied columnar epithelium

Squamous Epithelium  Simple – a single layer  squamous – flat  Lines alveoli of lungs, which allows the passive transport of gases.  Stratified – several layers  Forms the epidermis of the skin Simple Squamous Stratified Squamous

Cuboidal Epithelium Simple – one cell thick Roughly cube shaped Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Duct Cuboid Cells Duct Cuboid Cells

Columnar Epithelium Simple – one cell thick Column shaped (long & narrow) Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs. Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Location: Most abundant & widely distributed tissue Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures – Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues Insulates (fat) Transports substances (blood)

Connective - Adipose Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance Stores energy (fat) Stores energy (fat) Insulates Insulates Supports & protects organs Supports & protects organs

Connective – Bone (Osseous) Tree ring-like appearance Supports & protects Supports & protects Mineral storage Mineral storage Fat storage Fat storage Blood cell production Blood cell production

Connective - Blood Only fluid connective tissue Removes wastes from cells Removes wastes from cells Supplies nutrients and oxygen to cells Supplies nutrients and oxygen to cells

Connective – Hyaline Cartilage Supports while providing flexibility Supports while providing flexibility Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) Holds open respiratory passages Holds open respiratory passages Most abundant type of cartilage in body Most abundant type of cartilage in body

Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Location: Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart, and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body. Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis

Muscle - Skeletal Muscle fibers (cells) long, parallel & cylindrical With many nuclei (multinucleate) Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells Produce voluntary movement Produce voluntary movement Locomotion Locomotion Heat Heat

Muscle - Smooth Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei Arranged to form sheets No striations Pushes substances or objects (food, urine, babies) through passageways Pushes substances or objects (food, urine, babies) through passageways Involuntary control Involuntary control

Muscle - Cardiac Branching, striated, uninucleate with special intercalated discs Contracts to propel blood into circulation Contracts to propel blood into circulation Involuntary control Involuntary control branches Intercalated disc

Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue Location: Main component of the nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves. Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions – Generates & transmits nerve impulses – Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

Nervous – Neuron Branching cells with many long processes Branching cells with many long processes Large central nucleus Large central nucleus Regulates activities by transmitting impulses from one area of the body to another Regulates activities by transmitting impulses from one area of the body to another

Resource Adapted from the Anatomy PowerPoint of J. A. Giacobbe, South Pointe High School, Phoenix, AZ