Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny

America’s Natural Destiny Fate To expand into Texas and continue to control all of the land to the Pacific Ocean Ordained by God John L. O’Sullivan

3 Areas Texas

California

Oregon

6 Reasons for Manifest Destiny 1. Business = new Pacific ports 2. Expand farming = more new land 3. Immigrants arrive & need more land 4. Create new markets for goods 5. Depression of 1837 – new start 6. Spread the idea of freedom & democracy

Development of Texas Farmers, Traders Welcomed

Mexico welcomes Americans Mexico encourages trade along the Santa Fe Trail.

Problems: Protection from savage Indians, Comanches, Apaches, Navajos, and Utes Americans are welcomed if they will obey Mexican law and follow the Roman Catholic religion

Settlement of Texas Stephen Austin accepts their offer 300 families get 13,000 acres of land for farming, grazing, ranching Most settlers were Southern & brought slaves.

Problems Arise Mexicans close the border in 1830 but lacked the military to enforce this closure Settlers were mostly Protestant, spoke only English, & ignored Mexican law which forbade slavery Americans push to extend the boundary to Rio Grande River

More Problems Number of Americans swells 1835 = 1000 Americans a month 1836 = 30,000 Americans 4,000 Mexicans 5,000 slaves

Independence Ask for the right to have an separate state within the Mexican Union. Texas is declared an independent state

Sam Houston Texan Leader: imprisoned for 18 months after asking for Independence for Texas

Santa Anna & the Alamo the leading villain of Texas history

The Alamo: a small mission in San Antonio

The Defenders = 200 Slaughtered Davy Crockett and the Alamo By thealamofilm.com May 2, 2005, 05:34

The Attackers = Brutal Response =

The Burning 13 days

Before the battle, Santa Anna ordered that a red flag be raised indicating to the defenders that no quarter would be given. Several defenders who had not been killed in battle were captured and executed. Among its defenders were James Bowie (the leader of the militia forces), Crockett and Travis. About two dozen women and children and two slaves at the Alamo, named Ben and Jim, were released.James Bowie

Remember the Alamo!!!! Houston & troops surprise Santa Anna later

Kill half of Santa Anna’s Men Take Santa Anna as Prisoner Force a Peace Treaty giving Texas it’s independence.

Texas Sam Houston is named President France and Britain recognize Texas as an independent state.

Lone Star State

Creates a small navy & army

Texas is annexed into the U.S 28 th state December 29, 1845

Austin

James K. Polk Who is James k. Polk? For Annexation of Texas Wanted Oregon Territory Hail to the Chief.

Henry Clay Whig Party “Glorious Henry Clay”

Lost New York… Immigrants, especially Irish wanted expansion to the West..

Oregon

54/ 40 or Fight Oregon Northern Boundary The Brits agree. Vancouver Island to Brits. Independent Treasury.

California 21 Missions Polk wants to buy it!

1853 Gadsden Purchase Completes the border of the Continental U.S.

War on Mexico $2 million is owed to Americans Alamo & Goliad Massacre Rio Grande is the Boundary

Taylor & Troops stay on Border Of Corpus Christie & begged for an attack. “American blood has been shed on American Soil”. Justify the war.

Mexicans outnumber Americans But disorganized. American weapons are better. New Mexico & California come into American hands.

$15 million paid for: 1.2 million sq. miles California, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming.

Wilmot Proviso: No slavery in This new territory!!

Henry Clay: Great Compromise He is near death. It is his finest hour. Spoke for 2 days in It is the last important speech of his life.

Clay’s Bill covers everything. But would be defeated as one huge package.

Stephen Douglas divided it - Successfully Adopted Compromise of 1850

Calhoun dies South Carolina Supporter of the Southern Lifestyle

Webster & Clay also die. Great Orator

People believe that peace & Harmony would reign in our fine, free country. Sectional Strife appears over.