Exploration and the First Settlements of South Carolina French settlement at Port Royal

Money! Money! Money! The main reason for new exploration was to seek for new sources of wealth. Merchants and traders hoped to benefit from the trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia.

Show me the money!

Money! Money! Money! The main reason for new exploration was to seek for new sources of wealth. Merchants and traders hoped to benefit from the trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia.

The Age of Exploration Who: An explorer is a person who travels in search of geographic or scientific discoveries. Explorers came from European nations (Spain, Portugal, France, England & the Netherlands)

The Age of Exploration What: A time period when Europeans began to explore the rest of the world. When: Early 15th century to 17th century

God. Glory. Gold. The Age of Exploration Why: Nations were looking for gold & spices, to expand their empires and to spread Christianity to new parts of the world. God. Glory. Gold.

Purposes of European Exploration “Glory, God, Gold” Adventure & fame Find shorter routes to China & India Eventually to build plantations & businesses Fun Religious freedom Gold, silver, other riches

Early Explorers of South Carolina

Francisco Gordillo Spanish 1st explorer to visit SC in 1521 1st European to see SC Visited coastline near Winyah Bay or Myrtle Beach The first Spaniard to explore South Carolina was Francisco Gordillo. He and his men had been sent by Lucas Vasquez de Ayllón to explore North America in 1521. Gordillo’s expedition—a journey for a specific purpose such as exploration—sailed up the Florida coast to about the middle of present day South Carolina. This voyage gave Spain a claim to South Carolina.

Hernando de Soto Spanish Came looking for gold in 1540 1st European to explore interior of SC In April 1540, an expedition led by de Soto crossed the Savannah River and entered the Indian settlement of Cofitachequi. He stayed in the village about two weeks, then moved north toward present-day North Carolina. From there, his expedition turned westward. He died in the Mississippi River area on May 21, 1542. Though de Soto’s stay in South Carolina was brief, he was probably the first European to see the interior of the state.

First Settlements in south carolina

 SPAIN San Miguel de Gualdape - 1526 Explorer: Lucas Vasquez de Allyon First colony in SC near Waccamaw River – Georgetown Brought first slaves to SC 1st slave revolt in North America Reason failed: cold winter & disease In July 1526, De Ayllón led an expedition from Santo Domingo. He established a settlement called San Miguel de Gualdape. The exact location of the settlement is unknown. Some historians believe it might have been near present-day Savannah, Georgia. Other historians believe it was near the Waccamaw River across from present-day Georgetown. The settlers numbered about six hundred at first, and that number included a number of African slaves brought from Santo Domingo. The settlement was doomed from the beginning. Food brought by the Spanish ran out within a few weeks. The local Indians offered no help, probably because the earlier expedition led by Gordillo had captured about 150 of their tribe for slaves. De Ayllón died in October, leaving the settlement without a leader. His death was soon followed by a slave revolt in November, the first such revolt in North America. The winter was very cold, and disease was widespread. In January 1527, the 150 survivors, depressed by all of the misfortune, decided to abandon the settlement and return to Santo Domingo. It was almost forty years before the Spanish attempted another settlement in North America.

de Ayllon’s Route

 FRANCE Charlesfort - 1562 Explorer: Jean Ribault Led group of Huguenots (French Protestants) Present day Parris Island named the waterway Port Royal Reason failed: Abandoned About thirty-five years after the Spanish failed at San Miguel de Gualdape, a group of Frenchmen established a settlement on what is today Parris Island, near Beaufort. Jean Ribault led this group of Huguenots (French Protestants) to America in May 1562. Originally, Ribault did not plan to establish a settlement. But when he suggested building a fort, his men enthusiastically supported the idea. Ribault named the settlement Charlesfort and the region Carolus in honor of King Charles IX of France. He named the waters around the fort the name it bears today— Port Royal. Ribault left in June to explore other areas but left thirty men behind to maintain the fort. When Ribault did not return as he had promised, the men believed they had been forgotten. They built a boat, and all but one, 18-yearold Guillaume Ruffin, sailed for France. The others should have stayed with Ruffin. While at sea, they ran out of provisions and resorted to eating their shoes and leather jackets. When the leather was gone, they drew lots and the loser was eaten by the others. Before a second man was killed, they were rescued and returned to France.

Engraving shows early French settlement at Port Royal Engraving shows early French settlement at Port Royal. On left, French soldiers trade with Native Americans.

 SPAIN San Felipe – 1566 Explorer: Juan Pardo Built on abandoned settlement at Charlesfort Expeditions explored the interior of SC Settlement survived 10 years Reason failed: attacked by Native Americans Survivors fled to St. Augustine, FL The Spanish realized they had to build a permanent settlement in North America to keep trespassers out. On September 8, 1565, the Spanish established St. Augustine, Florida, the first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States. The Spanish realized that one settlement would not be enough to keep the French and English out. So they returned to the South Carolina coast. In April 1566, the Spanish erected Fort San Felipe on the same Parris Island where the French had built Charlesfort. During the winter of 1566, Captain Juan Pardo led two expeditions from the fort to explore the interior of South Carolina. On the first trip, Pardo reached the mountains; he reached the Wateree River on the second trip. Fort San Felipe survived until July 1576. A group of Indians attacked the fort that month, and the Spanish fled to St. Augustine.

 SPAIN San Marcos – 1577 Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Built again on Parris Island Grew to have 60 houses Reason failed: English attacked St. Augustine, FL  Spanish left SC No European settlements in SC for 83 years But the Spanish were not finished. They returned the next year and built Fort San Marcos, once again on Parris Island. From that fort, the Spanish traded with the Indians and sent missionaries to convert them to the Catholic religion. A missionary is one who is sent to do religious or charitable work in another territory or country. The settlement around Fort San Marcos grew to about sixty houses. The English, however, spoiled Spanish hopes. In 1586, the Englishman Sir Francis Drake led a raid on St. Augustine and burned it to the ground. The Spanish decided to evacuate, or leave, Fort San Marcos and rebuild the Florida fort. After they left, there was no European settlement in South

 ENGLAND Charles Town – 1669 Anthony Ashley Cooper 1st permanent settlement in SC Spanish tried to destroy the town, which led to signing Treaty of Madrid Gave all settlements north of St. Augustine to the British The original location of Charles Town—on Albemarle Point—did not suit everyone. The town was growing, and the design of the settlement was poor. Some settlers believed the town would grow faster if it was located on Oyster Point, the strip of land between the Ashley and Cooper rivers. The new Charles Town faced the Cooper River instead of the Ashley and was symmetrical—laid out in a balanced, regular pattern. The streets and lots of the town were measured and laid out at right angles. All of the streets running east and west were parallel, as were the streets running north and south. In the new Charles Town, specific lots were set aside for a church, a “Town House,” and other public structures. The streets were wide, and there was an exercise ground for the militia and wharves for trade and shipping.

Albermarle Point was the first location of Charles Town

God, Glory and Gold Explain to me how South Carolina was founded using God, Glory, Gold. Who explored for each. For example why did the Huguenots explore, who led their exploration and where did they explore. Then give ILLUSTRATIONS and Who, When and Where! Finally tell me was it a success or not and why.