The Thirteen Colonies

 Colonists came for religious freedom  Farming was difficult because of long, cold winters and rocky soil  Economy – subsistence farming, lumbering, shipbuilding, fishing, and trade

 Massachusetts ◦ Pilgrims – 1620 – landed at Plymouth ◦ Half died of malnutrition, disease, and cold

 Mayflower Compact – a document that provided law and order for the Pilgrims – self-government

 Puritans – wanted to purify the church – based on the rules of the Bible  Everyone attended church by law – society emphasized duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty

 Roger Williams chose to worship God in his own way  Created own colony based on freedom for everyone but slaves

 Thomas Hooker – left Massachusetts for more freedom  Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – first written plan of government

 Puritans settled the area

 Rich soil, wooded mountains, water  Colonists were many cultures and religions  Economy – cash crops, lumbering, and shipbuilding

 Taken from the Dutch by the Duke of York  Diverse group of colonists and religions

 Ethnic and religious diversity

 William Penn – founder, Quaker  Quakers – believed all men are created equal  Philadelphia – city of brotherly love

 Diverse religions and cultures

 Wealthy colonists created plantations – slaves  Hot, wet climate, rich soil, rivers, wetlands  Economy – cash crops – tobacco, rice, indigo

 Founded Catholics by Lord Baltimore  Religious freedom for all Christians  Act of toleration – law that granted freedom of religion

 Jamestown – 1607 – first successful English settlement  Tobacco  House of Burgesses – first representative gov’t  Slavery

 Wealthy owners  Slavery  Crops – indigo and rice

 James Oglethorpe  Safe place for debtors  Religious freedom – even for Jews  Buffer state against Spanish Florida