“The Great War“ or “The War to End All Wars” (or just WWI) Mr. Growdon World History

Europe in 1914 (Pre-WWI)

European Alliances at Start of WWI (1914)

Europe Before and After WWI

Europe 1914 Dominates the globe, 25% of world’s population Countries are very Nationalistic Nationalism = Love for one’s Country Most great nations are Militaristic; they glorify war, using propaganda to prey on citizen’s feelings of Nationalism Militarism = glorifying war and the use of war Dominates the globe, 25% of world’s population Countries are very Nationalistic Nationalism = Love for one’s Country Most great nations are Militaristic; they glorify war, using propaganda to prey on citizen’s feelings of Nationalism Militarism = glorifying war and the use of war

“Alliance System” The Triple Entente (“Allies”) = Britain, Russia, France France worried about Germany’s growing military and industrial strength Britain saw Germany as a threat to its sea power and its colonies in Africa The Triple Entente (“Allies”) = Britain, Russia, France France worried about Germany’s growing military and industrial strength Britain saw Germany as a threat to its sea power and its colonies in Africa

“Alliance System” The Triple Alliance (“Central Powers”) = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Germany worried that France would reclaim the Alsace-Lorraine territory Alliances ensured that all members of the alliance would help each other if any were attacked The Triple Alliance (“Central Powers”) = Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Germany worried that France would reclaim the Alsace-Lorraine territory Alliances ensured that all members of the alliance would help each other if any were attacked

Trouble Brewing Imperialism + Nationalism + Militarism + Alliances = Imperialism + Nationalism + Militarism + Alliances = TENSION!!!

The Shot Heard ‘Round the World (again!) June 28, The assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. The assassin hoped the murder would return Bosnia to Serbia and release it from Austrian control. Austria blames Serbia for this incident (they funded the attack) Germany gives Austria-Hungary a ‘blank check’ to move against Serbia Austria gives Serbia a harsh ultimatum, Serbia refuses, so… June 28, The assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. The assassin hoped the murder would return Bosnia to Serbia and release it from Austrian control. Austria blames Serbia for this incident (they funded the attack) Germany gives Austria-Hungary a ‘blank check’ to move against Serbia Austria gives Serbia a harsh ultimatum, Serbia refuses, so…

The Shot Heard ‘Round the World

The “Domino Effect” Austria (has German support) declares war on Serbia, then … Russia then mobilizes and refuses to back down to Germany, so … Germany declares war on Russia and France (will enter France through Belgium, the “ Schlieffen Plan ” ), then … Britain honors agreement to protect Belgium. So … By August 4th, 1914, all major European powers are at war Austria (has German support) declares war on Serbia, then … Russia then mobilizes and refuses to back down to Germany, so … Germany declares war on Russia and France (will enter France through Belgium, the “ Schlieffen Plan ” ), then … Britain honors agreement to protect Belgium. So … By August 4th, 1914, all major European powers are at war

Mobilization to War A.June 28 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian terrorist B.Germany encouraged Austria to take action against Serbia C.July 23 - Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia, which Serbia did not accept D.July 28 - Austria declares war on Serbia E.July 30 - Russia orders full mobilization to support Serbia against Austria and Germany

Mobilization to War F.August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia because Russia would not demobilize G.August 3 - Germany declares war on France 1.General Alfred von Schlieffen devised “Schlieffen Plan” to deploy most of the troops to France, knock them out before Russia fully mobilized, and then redeploy to Russia and take them out

Map: Schlieffen Plan

Mobilization to War Belgium refused Germany entrance to march through to France. Germany invaded, violating Belgian neutrality. So…. August 4, Britain enters the war

The U.S. in WWI The United States enters the War in April 1917 after several events that finally bring an end to President Wilson ’ s policy of neutrality: A German submarine sinks a British passenger ship, the Lusitania, killing 128 Americans aboard. Economic interference with trade and shipping British Intelligence discovered the ‘ Zimmermann Telegram ’ (an offer from Germany to Mexico to restore the territories of Texas, Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico if they would go to war against the United States) Several other US merchant ships were sunk by German subs ( “ U-boats ” ) The United States enters the War in April 1917 after several events that finally bring an end to President Wilson ’ s policy of neutrality: A German submarine sinks a British passenger ship, the Lusitania, killing 128 Americans aboard. Economic interference with trade and shipping British Intelligence discovered the ‘ Zimmermann Telegram ’ (an offer from Germany to Mexico to restore the territories of Texas, Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico if they would go to war against the United States) Several other US merchant ships were sunk by German subs ( “ U-boats ” )

Sinking of the Lusitania (1915)

The Zimmermann Telegram (1917) Original telegram (encrypted)Decrypted and translated

The Course of War The AlliesThe Central Powers Australia Japan Belgium Liberia Brazil Montenegro Britain New Zealand Canada Nicaragua China Panama Costa Rica Portugal Cuba Romania France Russia Greece San Marino Guatemala Serbia Haiti Siam Honduras South Africa India United States Italy Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman-Empire (Turkey)

The Great, Quick, and Righteous War A.The war began with everyone optimistic that the war would last only weeks B.Each side was convinced of the rightness of their cause and charged with national passion (nationalism) C.Many of the young felt that the war was a break from a modern age preoccupied with money, work, and material goods

Britain USA WWI Recruitment Posters

WWI Propaganda - USA

WWI Propaganda - Britain

WWI Propaganda - Germany

WWI Propaganda - Russia

The beginning… The reality of war… “The entire campaign a resounding march of victory- “We’ll be home at Christmas,” the recruits shouted laughingly to their mothers in August of ” - Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday “The wall of the trench is plastered with smoking splinters, lumps of flesh, and bits of uniform... The first recruit seems actually to have gone insane. ” - Erich Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front Views of the War