Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

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Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Optical fiber connectors Fiber alignment Joint Losses Fiber Splices Fiber connectors Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Content Launching optical power into a fiber Fiber-to-Fiber coupling Fiber Splicing and connectors Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Coupling Efficiency [5-1] Source Optical Fiber Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Radiance (Brightness) of the source B= Optical power radiated from a unit area of the source into a unit solid angle [watts/(square centimeter per stradian)] Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Surface emitting LEDs have a Lambertian pattern: [5-2] Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Fiber-to-Fiber Joint Fiber-to-Fiber coupling loss: Low loss fiber-fiber joints are either: 1- Splice (permanent bond) 2- Connector (demountable connection) [5-8] Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Power Coupled from source to the fiber [5-4] Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Power coupled from LED to the Fiber [5-5] Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Examples of possible lensing schemes used to improve optical source-to-fiber coupling efficiency Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Different modal distribution of the optical beam emerging from a fiber lead to different degrees of coupling loss. a) when all modes are equally excited, the output beam fills the entire output NA. b) for a steady state modal distribution, only the equilibrium NA is filled by the output beam. Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Mechanical misalignment losses Lateral (axial) misalignment loss is a dominant Mechanical loss. [5-9] Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Longitudinal offset effect Losses due to differences in the geometry and waveguide characteristics of the fibers [5-10] E & R subscripts refer to emitting and receiving fibers. Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Experimental comparison of Loss as a function of mechanical misalignment Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Fiber end face Fiber end defects Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Fiber splicing Fusion Splicing Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

V-groove optical fiber splicing Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Optical Fiber Connectors Some of the principal requirements of a good connector design are as follows: 1- low coupling losses 2- Interchangeability 3- Ease of assembly 4- Low environmental sensitivity 5- Low-cost and reliable construction 6- Ease of connection Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Connector Return Loss Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Figure 7.8 BNC connectors Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Figure 7.5 UTP connector Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Figure 7.10 Fiber optics: Bending of light ray Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Figure 7.11 Optical fiber Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS

Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors Tuesday, April 25, 2017 Dr.P.GNANASUNDARI/PROFESSOR/ECE/SNSCE/OCN/CONNECTORS