BSC 2010L
Humans Haploid # of chromosomes: 23 Diploid #: 46 Remember: Have 23 pairs 1 of each pair came from mom 1 of each pair came from dad
Each pair of chromosomes is referred to as HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES Have the same genes For each gene there can be 2 alleles (different forms) Look at picture below: B = brown eyes b = blue eyes Brown is dominant so this person’s phenotype would be brown eyes
Incomplete Dominance Form of inheritance where heterozygous alleles are both expressed, combined phenotype Example: a plant with white flowers and plant with red flowers has offspring with pink flowers Codominant Both alleles are expressed Example: Blood types in humans If a person has the A allele and the B allele, then both A and B are expressed on the surface of the red blood cell
Some Dominant Traits in Humans Widow’s peak Unattached earlobes Freckles
Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) 3 #21 chromosomes Sex Chromosomal Abnormalities Turner Syndrome – XO Never reaches puberty Poly-X Syndrome (XXX) Tend to have learning disabilities Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) Testes underdeveloped, long limbs, poor muscle growth Jacob Syndrome (XYY) Taller, speech and reading problems
Genes located on the sex chromosomes (23 rd pair in humans) Examples: Color-blindness Hemophilia Males only need 1 gene on X chromosome to have trait – look at boy on far right
Method that allows tracking of a genetic disorder within a family Circles – Females Squares – Males Affected individuals – filled in Carriers – half filled in
Patterns of inheritance Autosomal Dominant – many children affected Autosomal Recessive – few children affected X-linked recessive – mostly males affected
Patterns of inheritance Autosomal Dominant – many children affected Autosomal Recessive – few children affected X-linked recessive – mostly males affected
Patterns of inheritance Autosomal Dominant – many children affected Autosomal Recessive – few children affected X-linked recessive – mostly males affected