RDA Records for Works and Expressions 3a. Conferencia Regional sobre Catalogación Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí de Marzo 2011 Robert L. Maxwell Chair, Special Collections and Formats Catalog Department Harold B. Lee Library Brigham Young University Provo, Utah, U.S.A.

FRBR Primary Entities Work Expression Manifestation Item

RDA vs. AACR2 AACR2 uniform title definition: “The particular title by which a work is to be identified for cataloguing purposes.” Not, however, in fact an identifier for a work. AACR2 uniform title combines aspects of work, expression, and sometimes even manifestation.

RDA vs. AACR2 AACR2 uniform title: Homer. Odyssey – Represents the work Odyssey as well as all Greek expressions of the Odyssey, of which there are many.

RDA vs. AACR2 RDA authorized access point for the work: Homer. Odyssey – Represents the work Odyssey only, not the Greek expressions RDA authorized access point for a Greek expression: Homer. Odyssey. Greek (Monro and Allen) – Represents the Greek expression of the Odyssey edited by David Monro and Thomas Allen

RDA vs. AACR2 AACR2 uniform title: Homer. Odyssey. Spanish – Represents the all Spanish expressions (translations) of the Odyssey. There are many.

RDA vs. AACR2 RDA authorized access point for one of many Spanish expressions: Homer. Odyssey. Spanish (Alberich) – Represents the Spanish translation of the Odyssey by Joan Alberich. There are dozens of other Spanish translations.

RDA vs. AACR2 Why is it important to be this precise? – Because RDA is working toward an entity- relationship structure, and in this structure each work and each expression will have a separate description. If the database uses access points, each description will need to have a distinct access point. – Even in the absence of an ER database, this precision will be helpful to our users.

Relaciones FRBR(Grupos 1-2) Obra: Piedra de sol Persona: Muriel Rukeyser Persona: Octavio Paz Expresión: 1. expresión inglés Expresión: 1. expresión español realizado mediante traducido por tiene traducción creado por

RDA Toolkit Online tool: Username for this week: potosi Password for this week: rda

PCC Policies Test.html – Original authority records may be RDA. Do not change an RDA authority record to AACR2 – Do not change AACR2 authority record to RDA RDA elements may be added to AACR2 records RDA form of the heading may be added in 7XX field – NACO records must still be English-language records

Coding Records for RDA Authority records – 008/10 (Rules) = “z”. – 040 contains $b eng and $e rda.

Core Elements in RDA In addition to the list in 0.6, Core elements are identified throughout RDA, as in this example. 13

Organization of RDA (Attributes) Section 1 (Ch. 1-4) = Manifestation & Item Section 2 (Ch. 5-7) = Work & Expression Section 3 (Ch. 8-11) = Person, Family, & Corporate Body Section 4 (Ch ) = Concept, Object, Event, & Place

Structure of the Attributes Chapters Structure of “attributes” chapters in RDA – Purpose and scope – General guidelines, including allowed sources – Guidelines for specific attributes – Guidelines for constructing access points (called “headings” in AACR2)

Identifying Works and Expressions: Definition The term work refers to a distinct intellectual or artistic creation (i.e., the intellectual or artistic content). The term expression refers to the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms. The terms work and expression should be read, where applicable, to include not only an individual entity, but also aggregates and components of such entities (i.e., the term work should be read to include aggregate works and components of works as well as individual works, etc).

Identifying Works and Expressions Sources of Information Where can we get information about corporate bodies? – 6.1.1: Take the title or titles of the work from any source. Take information on other identifying attributes of works and expressions from any source.

Attributes of Works: Title Preferred title is a core element Preferred title – Chosen according to : “For works created after 1500, choose as the preferred title the title in the original language by which the work has become known through use in resources embodying the work or in reference sources.”

Attributes of Works: Title We find two possible titles for this work. Which would we choose as the preferred title?

Attributes of Works: Title The title is manipulated somewhat in RDA The title is taken as found, but there are special guidelines for capitalization, numbers, accents, etc. Capitalize according to Appendix A. Record diacritical marks as found; optionally, add missing marks such as accents Omit initial articls

Attributes of Works: Title Forms found for preferred title: Piedra de Sol PIEDRA DE SOL Manipulation of capitalization according to Appendix A: Piedra de sol

Attributes of Works: Title Changes from AACR2: – “Selections” not used alone as the preferred title - - instead, “Works. Selections” – For simultaneous publications with different titles: choice based on first resource received

Attributes of Works: Title Parts of works – Title element: – Access point: Compilations of works – Title element: – Access point: No specific instruction for authorized access point, but see (variant access point)

Attributes of Works: Author? Note that the author is not an attribute of the Work entity. Authors can be persons, families, or corporate bodies, and they are separate entities, related to the work entity--an author has a relationship with a work However, the access point will contain the name of the author, if there is one

Attributes of Works: Author? If one person, family, or corporate body is responsible for creating the work, construct the authorized access point representing the work by combining (in this order): the authorized access point representing that person, family, or corporate body the preferred title for the work

Attributes of Works: Author? If two or more persons, families, or corporate bodies are collaboratively responsible for creating the work, construct the authorized access point representing the work by combining (in this order): the authorized access point representing the person, family, or corporate body with principal responsibility for the work the preferred title for the work

Attributes of Works: Author? If the work is a compilation of works by different persons, families, or corporate bodies, construct the authorized access point representing the work using the preferred title for the compilation [i.e., title alone without a person / family / corporate body name]

Work Authority Record Piedra de sol We’ve discovered the form of the preferred title Piedra de sol In an earlier module we formulated the RDA authorized access point for the author Paz, Octavio (Paz Lozano), Exercise: begin creating an RDA authority record for this work.

Work Authority Record Piedra de sol Authorized access point: Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol

Attributes of Works: Form RDA 6.3. Form of work is core if needed to differentiate the name of a work from the name of another entity (another work, or the name of a person, family, or corporate body) It can be recorded as an element whether or not needed to distinguish Record in MARC 380 field There is no controlled vocabulary

Work Authority Record Piedra de sol The form of this work is “poem”. 380poem Exercise: Add this to the authority record.

Attributes of Works: Date RDA 6.4. Date is defined as the earliest date associated with a work. Lacking other evidence, the date of the first publication may be used Date is core only if needed to differentiate between a work and other entities with the same name. The element may be recorded whether needed to distinguish or not. Date is recorded in MARC 046 – Beginning date or single date = $k – Ending date = $l

Work Authority Record Piedra de sol This work was first published in The cataloger has no other information about the date of the work. 046$k 1957 Exercise: add this field to the RDA authority record.

Attributes of Works: Place of Origin RDA 6.5. Place of origin of the work is the country or other territorial jurisdiction from which a work originated. Information may be taken from any source. Place of origin is core if needed to differentiate. Whether core or not, the element may be recorded. Place of origin is recorded in MARC 370 field $g

Recording the Place Attribute The form of the place name is governed by RDA Chapter 16. Authorized access points for jurisdictional place names are generally formed as in AACR2, e.g. “Paris (France)” However: “If the place name is being used to record... the place of origin of a work... precede the name of the larger place by a comma.” -- e.g. “Paris, France”

Recording the Place Attribute instructs us to follow chapter 16, including abbreviations; chapter 16 refers us to Appendix B. B.11 is similar to the place names abbreviations list in AACR2 So when recording this attribute for a person, use, e.g., “U.S.”, not “United States.”

Recording the Place Attribute 370 $g London, England[place of origin of work] 370 $g Mexico City, Mexico [place of origin of work] 370 $g Austin, Tex. [place of origin of work] 370 $g D.C. [place of origin of work] 370 $g U.S.[place of origin of work]

Work Authority Record Piedra de sol The cataloger only knows that the place of origin of Piedra de sol is Mexico. This place is established as Mexico 370 $g Mexico Exercise: Record place of origin in the authority record

Attributes of Works: Other Distinguishing Characteristics 6.6. A characteristic that serves to differentiate the name of a work from another entity with the same name Called a qualifier in AACR2 Core if needed to differentiate May be recorded in MARC 381, whether needed to distinguish or not

Attributes of Works: Other RDA Elements 6.7. History of the Work. Recorded in MARC Identifier. Core element; LCCN, recorded in 010 Musical works: RDA Legal works: RDA Religious works: RDA 6.26

Bible Access Points O.T. and N.T. are no longer abbreviated. “Old Testament” and “New Testament” will be used. Individual books are no longer grouped under a testament $a Bible. $p New Testament. $l Albanian. $s Tosk. $f 1910 not $a Bible. $p N.T. $l Albanian. $s Tosk. $f $a Bible. $p Leviticus. $l English. $s Driver-White. $f 1898 not $a Bible. $p O.T. $p Leviticus. $l English. $s Driver-White. $f 1898

Bible access points AACR2 Bible. O.T. Genesis... Bible. O.T. Pentateuch... Bible. N.T. Mark... Bible. N.T. Pastoral Epistles... Bible. N.T.... RDA Bible. Genesis... Bible. Pentateuch... Bible. Mark... Bible. Pastoral Epistles... Bible. New Testament... [used only for the entire New Testament, not individual books] 43

Attributes of Expressions: Title? Title is not considered an attribute of an expression in RDA, so there is no expression title element guideline. The authorized access point for an expression is created by adding things to the authorized access point for a work.

Attributes of Expressions: Language One of the most important attributes of an expression is its language RDA “Record the language or languages of the expression using an appropriate term or terms in the language preferred by the agency creating the data.” Currently no discrete MARC field to record language of expression; 377 is only authorized for persons and corporate bodies. Can only be recorded as part of an access point in $l.

Attributes of Expressions: Language Language of expression is a core element when needed to differentiate an expression of a work from another expression of the same work. This means that as soon as there is more than one expression of a work, this element must be recorded in the record and access point

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol Bilingual edition, English & Spanish. How many expressions?

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol Two access points and two expression authority records are needed because there are two expressions

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol Base the expression authorized access point on the Work access point. Because language is core when there are more than one expression, it must be added to each

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol Access point recorded in authority record no Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol. $l Spanish Access point recorded in authority record no Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol. $l English [...] Both access points will be recorded in the bibliographic record.

Attributes of Expressions: Other Distinguishing Characteristic “Other distinguishing characteristic of the expression is a characteristic other than content type, language of expression, or date of expression that serves to differentiate an expression from another expression of the same work”

Attributes of Expressions: Other Distinguishing Characteristic Other distinguishing characteristic of the expression is a core element when needed to differentiate an expression of a work from another expression of the same work. This means that as soon as there is more than one expression of a work in the same language, this element must be recorded in the record and access point

Attributes of Expressions: Other Distinguishing Characteristic Use whatever distinguishes the expressions best. – the surname of an editor or translator – the name of a version – the name of the publisher – etc.... If it makes more sense, the date of the expression can be used to distinguish instead (RDA 6.10)

Attributes of Expressions: Other Distinguishing Characteristic RDA “Record other distinguishing characteristics of the expression.” Currently no discrete MARC field to record other distinguishing characteristics. Can only be recorded as part of an access point. Record at the end of the access point, in parentheses, in $s.

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol There is only one Spanish expression, so there is no need to further distinguish its access point. There are at least three English translations of the poem. The most logical way to distinguish is by the name of the translator. Access point recorded in authority record no Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol. $l English $s (Rukeyser)

Attributes of Expressions: Date of Expression If it makes sense, the date of the expression can be used to distinguish between expressions rather than (or in addition to) an other distinguishing characteristic Blade runner (Motion picture : 1992)

Attributes of Expressions: Date of Expression In the absence of other evidence, the date of the earliest manifestation embodying the expression may be treated as the date of expression. Date of expression can be recorded as a separate element in 046, whether or not it is needed to distinguish – Beginning or single date created: 046 $k – Ending date created: 046 $l

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol The Rukeyser translation of Piedra de sol was first published in The Spanish expression was also first published in Each expression authority record may contain: 046$k 1957 Exercise: Record the date of expression element in the authority records

Attributes of Expressions: Content Type 6.9. Content type is a categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived. Terms are from a controlled vocabulary listed in , Table 6.1 Content type is recorded in MARC 336

Workshop Brainstorm: Spanish terms?

Expression Authority Record Piedra de sol The content type of the two expressions of Piedra de sol is text. 336text Exercise: Record the content type in the authority records for the expressions

Source Consulted RDA Cite sources used to determine a preferred or variant name, followed by a brief statement of the information found. Identify the specific location within the source where the information was found. RDA reflects NACO practice. Sources consulted are recorded in MARC 670 fields.

RDA authority record core and non-core: work record 040UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda 046$k Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol 370$g Mexico 380poem 670Piedra de sol, 1957

RDA authority record core and non-core: expression record 040UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda 046$k Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol. $l Spanish 336text 670Piedra de sol, Sunstone = Piedra de sol, 1957

RDA authority record core and non-core: expression record 040UPB $b eng $c UPB $e rda 046$k Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Piedra de sol. $l English $s (Rukeyser) 336text Paz, Octavio $q (Paz Lozano), $d $t Sun stone 670Piedra de sol, Sun stone = Piedra de sol, 1957

Adding RDA Elements to NACO Records All these elements may be added to any NACO authority record. If the record is coded AACR2, it must remain AACR2 and the heading and variants are formed according to AACR2. Add RDA elements as desired Optionally, add RDA form in 7XX

Exercises Together, update the NACO authority record for the English & Spanish translation of Piedra de sol, RDA forms in two 700 fields Create new record for the work (because of PCC policy, record must be AACR2, but with RDA elements Update or add NACO authority records for works/expressions workshop participants have brought

RDA Records for Works and Expressions Gracias! Robert L. Maxwell