FREE TO CHOOSE CHAPTER 2 THE TYRANNY OF CONTROLS.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Advertisements

Balance of payments Author: Pavel Tolar.
Ch. 9: The Exchange Rate and the Balance of Payments.
Ch. 9: The Exchange Rate and the Balance of Payments.
Balance of Payments Where New Zealand's international transactions are summarised International transactions include the value of – Inflows and outflows.
International Finance
The Balance of Payments
1 Chapter 9 How Exchange Rates are Determined ©2000 South-Western College Publishing.
Balance of Payments Phil Bryson Global Trade and Finance.
19-1 The Balance-of- Payments Accounts Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin Chapter 19.
Balance of Payments Definition: Summary statement of financial transactions between one nation and all other nations during a 1 year period. (U.S. and.
The link between domestic savings, foreign savings, and domestic investment
The International Balance of Payments
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Trade and the Balance of Payments.
The Balance of Payments: Linking the United States to the International Economy The Current Account Trade Flows for the United States and Japan, 2006.
Chapter 15 International and Balance of Payments Issues.
Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Chapter 12 National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments Modified May 2010 by Chris Ball.
Copyright ©2004, South-Western College Publishing International Economics By Robert J. Carbaugh 9th Edition Chapter 10: The Balance of Payments.
A Note on The Current Account: Why the large current account deficit of the United States is not a bad thing.
Carbaugh, Chap The Balance of Payments Balance of Payments  A record of international transactions between residents of one country and the rest.
Exchange Rates and the Open Economy Chapter 18. Foreign Exchange Market Abbreviation: FOREX Over a trillion dollars worth are traded daily. Most trading.
The Balance of Payments
1 Ch. 32: International Finance James R. Russell, Ph.D., Professor of Economics & Management, Oral Roberts University ©2005 Thomson Business & Professional.
CHAPTER ONE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Trade is simply a buying and selling of goods and services from one to other. International.
Lecture Exchange Rates.
Looking at the flow of money in and out of countries around the world.
Unit 10 - Foreign Exchange Rates and Payment Balances Macroeconomics.
Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2002 U.S. Export Transaction U.S. Import Transaction Balance of Payments Flexible Exchange Rates The Market for Currency.
1 Chapter 9 part 2 International Finance These slides supplement the textbook, but should not replace reading the textbook.
November The Balance of Payments A record of the value of all the transactions between the residents of one country with the residents of all other.
The Balance of Payments  The World is linked to the Canadian economy by trade  When Canada spends on foreign imports, there is a monetary outflow.
1BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Module 3 Topic 3: Balance of Payments & Exchange Rates.
International Finance and the Foreign Exchange Market.
TAMÁS NOVÁK International Economics VII. National Income and the Balance of Payments.
Balance of payments GTGKG213SZ.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved Preview National income accounts  measures of national income  measures of value of.
Exchange Rates, the Balance of Payments, & Trade Deficits Chapter 21 10/5/
International Finance FINA 5331 Lecture 5: Balance of Payments Read: Chapters 3 Aaron Smallwood Ph.D.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 13 National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments.
Chapter 12 Supplementary Notes. GNP = Expenditure on a Country’s Goods and Services Y = C d + I d + G d + EX = (C-C f ) + (I-I f ) + (G-G f ) + EX = C.
Balance of Payments : When American citizens and firms exchange goods and services with foreign consumers and firms, payments are sent back and forth through.
CHAPTER 5 SAVING AND INVESTMENT IN THE OPEN ECONOMY.
May 5, Begin Unit 6: 10-15% of AP Macro Exam Open Economy: International Trade and Finance 2.Comparative Advantage Review On Website 3.Unit 6 Lesson.
The Balance of Payments. © 2002 by Stefano Mazzotta 1 Learning Outcomes 1. Definition of the balance of payments (BOP) and its accounts 2. Some macroeconomic.
THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS J.D. Han, King’s University College 12-1.
Chapter 5: Foreign Exchange Markets and the Balance of Payments
Chapter 12 National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments.
Balance of Payments 4.5. Current Account The Balance of Payment is a record of all in – and outflows in a country arising from economic activity in the.
Eco 200 – Principles of Macroeconomics Chapter 7: Foreign Exchange Markets and the Balance of Payments.
1 Chapter 28 Tutorial International Trade| and Finance ©2000 South-Western College Publishing.
Carbaugh, Chap Balance of Payments Keep track of international transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world International.
Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin The Balance-of- Payments Accounts.
1BALANCE OF PAYMENTS Module 3 Topic 3: Balance of Payments & Exchange Rates.
 The Canadian balance of payments shows the balance between  All the payments that Canada receives from foreign countries  All the payments which we.
CONVERTING CURRENCIES AND ASSESSING VALUE Foreign Exchange.
Chapter 5 Saving and Investment in the Open Economy Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc.
Balance of Payments Dr. Raj Agrawal. Part I Balance of Payments Accounting.
BALANCE OF PAYMENT Chapter 3.
International Economics Tenth Edition
Macro Review Day 5. International Trade Policy, Comparative Advantage, and Outsourcing 9 Balance of Trade Trade deficit = exports < imports Trade surplus.
Copyright ©2005, Thomson/South-Western International Economics By Robert J. Carbaugh 10th Edition Chapter 10: The Balance of Payments.
International Economics By Robert J. Carbaugh 9th Edition
Balance of Payments.
The Balance of Payments
Eco 200 – Principles of Macroeconomics
Chapter 3 Balance of Payments
Balance of Payments & Exchange Rates
Balance of Payments AP/IB Economics.
Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts
Chapter 3 Balance of Payments
Presentation transcript:

FREE TO CHOOSE CHAPTER 2 THE TYRANNY OF CONTROLS

I. INTRODUCTION Free trade is good for society but bad for select segments of that society Choose an example of international trade. Identify the “winners” and “losers” involved in that trade. What’s the difference between free trade and fair trade? What are some of the social and ethical aspects of the free trade arguments that Friedman proposes?

II. INTERNATIONAL TRADE The exchange rate will change to bring the dollar value of goods foreigners buy from the US roughly equal to the dollar value of goods that Americans buy from foreigners Currency is used to buy/sell goods plus purchase financial assets and investment Review capital account and current account. How does the exchange rate bring these into balance?

Balance of Payments Balance of payments: accounts that summarize the transactions of a country’s citizens, businesses, and governments with foreigners Any transaction that creates a demand for foreign currency (and a supply of the domestic currency) in the foreign exchange market is recorded as a debit item; e.g. imports Transactions that create a supply of foreign currency (and demand for the domestic currency) on the foreign exchange market are recorded as a credit item; e.g. exports.

Balance of Payments Current account transactions: all payments (and gifts) related to the purchase or sale of goods and services and income flows during the current period Four categories of current account transactions: Merchandise trade (import and export of goods) Service trade (import and export of services) Income from investments Unilateral transfers (gifts to and from foreigners)

Balance of Payments Capital account transactions: transactions that involve changes in the ownership of real and financial assets The capital account includes both direct investments by foreigners in the United States and by Americans abroad, and, loans to and from foreigners. Under a pure flexible-rate system, official reserve transactions are zero; therefore: a current-account deficit implies a capital-account surplus. a current-account surplus implies a capital-account deficit.

U.S. Balance of Payments, 2010* Current account: 1. U.S. merchandise exports 2. U.S. merchandise imports 3. Balance of merchandise trade (1 + 2) 4. U.S. service exports 5. U.S. service imports 6. Balance on service trade (4 + 5) 7. Balance on goods and services (3 + 6) 8. Income receipts of Americans from abroad 9. Income receipts of foreigners in the U.S. 10. Net income receipts 11. Net unilateral transfers 12. Balance on current account ( ) Debits Balance deficit (-) / surplus (+) Credits Source: * Figures are in Billions of Dollars Continued on next slide …

U.S. Balance of Payments, 2010* Current account: Debits Balance deficit (-) / surplus (+) Credits Source: * Figures are in Billions of Dollars 12. Balance on current account ( ) Capital account: 13. Foreign investment in the U.S. (capital inflow) 14. U.S. investment abroad (capital outflow) 15. Net other currency transactions 17. U.S. official reserve assets 20. Total ( ) -1, Official Reserve Transactions: Foreign official assets in the U.S Balance, Official Reserve Account ( ) 16. Balance on capital account ( )

II. INTERNATIONAL TRADE Friedman’s suggestion: over specified time period, unilaterally move to free trade What would be the consequences of unilaterally moving to free trade?

II. INTERNATIONAL TRADE “Trying to use trade as a political weapon or political measures as a means to increase trade with collectivist countries only makes the inevitable political frictions even worse.” Has there been an example of using trade to improve relations with collectivist countries?

II. INTERNATIONAL TRADE Laws to promote competition (e.g. Sherman Act) can do no better than complete free trade can “A monopoly can seldom be established within a country without overt and covert government assistance in the form of a tariff or some other device.” What are the devices or policies that government uses to insure competition? Does government do this well? Is there a US business or industry that is or could become a monopoly even with complete free trade? That is, can you identify an example of a business unaffected by international trade?

III. CENTRAL ECONOMIC PLANNING Central planning lowers standard of living and individual freedom Detailed example: India and Japan Japan followed voluntary exchange, India followed central planning

IV. CONTROLS AND FREEDOM A. Economic Freedom Essential part is freedom to choose how to use our income Currently, over 40% of our income is spent for us Another essential part is freedom to use the resources we possess in accordance with our own values Another essential part is freedom to own property Discuss Economic Freedom of the World data. Identify examples of intrusions on your freedom.

IV. CONTROLS AND FREEDOM B. Human Freedom Restrictions on economic freedom affect other freedoms “…freedom is one whole, that anything that reduces freedom in one part of our lives is likely to affect freedom in the other parts.”