Background  Born in 1856 in Virginia  Scotch-Irish family  Father was a Presbyterian Minister  Unable to read until 10  Princeton/ UVA/ Johns Hopkins

Influences  1) Confederacy Limited gov’t Self-Determination  2) Calvinism Divine Mission/ Divine Accountability  3) Reconstruction  Weakness/ Corruption of Congress  4) University Rule by Intelligence

Pre-Presidecny  College Professor  President of Princeton ( )  Gov. of NJ ( ) Introduced progressive reforms ○ State Primaries ○ Workmen’s Comp. ○ Public Utility Commission

Election of 1912  Conservative/Progressive  Minority President- 41% of Popular Vote

Triple Wall of Privilege  Tariffs  Banks  Trusts

Tariff  Underwood Tariff Bill st Pres. since Jefferson to summon Congress 40%- 25% Income Tax of 1%

Bank  Federal Reserve Act of 1913 Sen. Aldrich (R) 12 Regional Banks Board of Governors

Trusts  Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 Gov’t Consumer Protection Group  Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 Strengthened Sherman Act Exempted Union

Progressivism  Federal Farm Loans Act of 1916 Farms and Small businesses could borrow 50% of value of land  Warehouse Act of 1916 Crops as collateral for loans  La Follette Seamen’s Act of 1915 US work laws apply to US ships RMS Titanic  Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1916  Adamson Act of Hour work day for RR  Keating Owen Act of 1916 Child labor goods can not be sold over state lines

Supreme Court  Lochner Court Hammer v Dagenhart (1918)- No to Keating Owens Act  Louis Brandeis

Wilson Un-idealistic Views  Blacks Segregated Washington Fired black gov’t workers  Immigrants Favored immigrants… if they became Americans

 “Any man who carries a hyphen about with him carries a dagger that he is ready to plunge into the vitals of this Republic whenever he gets ready”

Wilson’s Foreign Policy  1914 Panama Canal Toll Act repealed  1916 Jones Act Terr. Status to the Phil.  1915 Marines sent to Haiti/ DR/ Nic.  1917 US purchases Danish Virgin Is.

Wilson and Mexico  Civil War  US companies controlled 45% of ind.  1914 Tampico Affair  US occupies Veracruz

 1917 Pancho Villa attacks Columbus NM  Gen. John “Blackjack” Pershing sent after him