Give Me that Old Time Religion?: Martin Luther and The Protestant Reformation

Europe in 1500s Key Countries: Spain-C Portugal-C France-C England-P Netherlands-P Holy Roman Empire-C German States-P Italian States-C Sweden/Denmark-P Outside-Ottoman Turks And Russia- O

“As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” The Catholic Church - The Vatican/Rome -The Pope The College of Cardinals/Hierarchy ISSUES: - Political Power and Wealth of the Church -Italian Domination of the Church -Corruption: Indulgences/Purgatory -Clerical Celibacy/Marriage -Control of Education -Church Views on Usury -Language of Choice in Mass/Bible -Relics “God does not desire the death of sinners, but that they should live and pay !”

The Sacraments Baptism: When and How should this take place Holy Communion: Bread/Wine and Transubstantiation by Priest alone Confirmation: Classes/ Then Blessed by Bishop Penance: Confession of our Sins/Forgiveness Matrimony: Marriage Holy Orders: Training /Ordination of the Priesthood Anointing of the Sick: Extreme Unction/With Holy Oil /Prior to Death/ Prepares Your Soul Great Disagreement over these Practices

The Spread of the Printing Press

Martin Luther Monk- Professor at University All Saints Day- Oct 31 st 1517 Wittenberg German States Indulgences Church Door-The Bulletin Board 95 Theses Support of Fredrick of Saxony “It is not in accordance with Christian doctrines to preach and teach that those who buy off souls, or purchase confessional licenses, have no need to repent of their own sins.”

The Response “Arise, O Lord, and judge Thy cause. A wild boar has invaded Thy vineyard. Arise, O Peter, and consider the case of the Holy Roman Church, the mother of all churches, consecrated by thy blood. Arise, O Paul, who by thy teaching and death hast illumined and dost illumine the Church. Arise all ye saints, and the whole universal Church, whose interpretations of Scripture has been assailed.” (papal bull of Pope Leo X, 1520)

Caricature of Pope Alexander VI by Martin Luther, 1545

The Players: John Hus/John Wycliffe Johan Guttenberg-1440 Erasmus of Rotterdam Martin Luther- Wittenberg Frederick the Wise of Saxony Ulrich Zwingli- Switzerland John Calvin-France Heretics? Martyrs? Reformers?

Pope Leo X Pope Clement VII Charles V HRE Phillip II of Spain The Jesuits Counter-Reformation Diet of Worms Council of Trent The Catholics

The War of the Three Henries Henry of Guise- Holy League- The Ultra Catholic Henry of Valois- Henry III-The Moderate Henry of Navarre- (Bourbon)The Protestant Catherine De Medici- The Mother Edict of Nantes The French

Protestant Churches in France (Late 16 c )

The English Henry VIII-”Defender of the Faith” Catherine of Aragon (Divorced) Anne Boleyn (Beheaded) Jane Seymour (Died) Anne of Cleves (Divorced) Anne Howard (Beheaded) Anne Parr (Survived) Edward VI Mary Tudor (Bloody) Elizabeth I (The Virgin) John Knox Mary Queen of Scots (Stuart)

Reformation Europe (Late 16 c )

What Caused ALL This? Rise of Nationalism (esp in Germany) The Invention of the Printing Press The Renaissance and the Inquiring Mind Inability or Unwillingness of Rome to Deal with Greed and Immorality in some portions of the Catholic Church Desire for More Personal Experience among Christians Rise of Merchant Class and Mercantilism/Banking

Results/Consequences? Religious Experience Became more personal Bibles and Services in Native Languages Scripture not Church the Focus Community of Believers Shaped Services Nationalism dominated Religion Redistribution of Land and Wealth in Protestant Countries Sacraments downgraded Secularization of Society Extremism Wars of Religion/Bloodshed Pursuit of Empires!!!!!!