Date: November 17, 2015 Aim #26: How can we describe structure and function of organelles? HW: 1) Quiz next Tuesday 11/24 and Wednesday 11/25 2)“Song of the Cell” due Friday Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook DateTitle of Activity Page # 11/17Cell Structure 10147

Aim#26: How can we describe the structure and function of cell organelles?

CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLSPROKARYOTIC CELLS ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL 1) ORGANIZATION CHART BACTERIA

Prokaryotes All Bacteria They DO NOT have membrane bound organelles. They DO have: Cell Membranes Cell Walls DNA Ribosomes

2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells: Animal Cell Plant Cell Both are complex, but there are differences

2) What are those things inside the cell? Organelles- Specialized structures in cells that perform important cellular functions.

Life Functions Nutrition – to get nutrients for energy Transport – to move materials from A to B Cell respiration – Energy: ATP Excretion – to get rid of metabolic waste Synthesis – to build, to make Regulation – to control Growth – to increase in size or number Reproduction – to make offspring

CELL MEMBRANE (AKA: Plasma Membrane) Barrier to protect the cell. Controls what comes in and out. FUNCTION: TRANSPORT

CYTOPLASM FUNCTION: To protect and support the organelles within the cell. Where chemical reactions take place TRANSPORT

NUCLEUS Found in eukaryotic cells only! Function: Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information - DNA (THE BRAIN) REGULATION

Nucleolus- made up of RNA and protein Where ribosomes are made Nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane) selectively permeable membrane around the nucleus Has pores that allow materials in and out

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Transportation route of cell. Materials travel through it. 2 Types: Rough ER (has ribosomes)- makes proteins Smooth ER- makes lipids and steroid hormones FUNCTION: TRANSPORT

RIBOSOMES They FORM proteins Can be found in cytoplasm or on Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) FUNCTION: SYNTHESIS

GOLGI BODY/COMPLEX/APPARATUS Proteins from ER come here. Modifies and packages the proteins, gives them a direction to follow. FUNCTION: TRANSPORT

MITOCHONDRIA Powerhouse of the cell Where cellular respiration occurs Makes energy (ATP) from food and oxygen. FUNCTION: RESPIRATION

LYSOSOMES Contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes that can break down nutrients. Also they break down dead organelles. (Intracellular digestion) Cell apoptosis- programmed cell death Peroxisomes- contain peroxidase enzymes FUNCTION: NUTRITION

Cytoskeleton Internal scaffolding Made of rigid proteins Keeps cell shape and keeps organelles in their proper places Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

VACUOLES Store materials such as water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates. MANY SMALL ONES IN ANIMAL CELLS, AND ONE BIG ONE IN PLANT CELLS. Vesicles- tiny vacuoles FUNCTION: EXCRETION

CENTRIOLES FUNCTION: Involved in animal cell division Made of microtubules FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS REPRODUCTION

CHLOROPLASTS Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as PHOTOSYNTHESIS Contains the pigment chlorophyll FOUND IN PLANT CELLS! Type of plastid (double membrane found only in plants and algae) FUNCTION: SYNTHESIS

CELL WALL Provides support and protection for the cell and allows materials in and out of the cell. FOUND IN PLANT CELLS FUNCTION: REGULATION

CILIA & FLAGELLA Made of protein and help with the movement of individual cells Flagellum- long tail to swim Cilia- lots of little “hairs” all over the cell FUNCTION: NUTRITION

Animal cell Plant cell

What do plant and animal cells have in common? XCell MembraneX XCytoplasmX XNucleusX XEndoplasmic Reticulum X XRibosomeX XMitochondria X XLysosomes X XVacuoleX XCentriole Chloroplast X Cell Wall X AMIMAL CELLPLANT CELL

What cell is a plant cell? Animal Cell? How did you know?

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Directions: Fill in the missing life functions that correspond to each of the organelles below. Life FunctionOrganelle Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) Lysosomes (digestive enzymes) Nucleus (genetic info) Cell membrane Centrioles (animal cell division) Nucleus (genetic info) Ribosomes (protein synthesis) Endoplasmic reticulum Cell Membrane Mitochondria Cell membrane Nucleus (genetic info) Nutrition Regulation Growth Synthesis Transport Respiration Excretion Reproduction

Directions: Read each clue below and figure out who is talking! 1.I am a concept based on the work of several scientists. I have three parts. ________________ 2.We are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. ________________ 3.I provide protection and support. I am made of cellulose and can be found in plant cells. ________________ 4.I am the clean up crew. I digest old cell parts. ________________ 5.We are the tiny structures that make up cells. There are several of us. ________________ 6.I am found inside the nucleus. ________________ 7.I am a clear, thick, jelly-like substance. I am found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. ______________

8.We are produced in the nucleolus, we make proteins and are found in the cytoplasm. ________________ 9.I am the process that plants use to make their food. I need chlorophyll in order to occur. ________________ 10. I am the “highways” of the cell. ________________ 11.I am responsible for the passage of material into and out of the nucleus. Nobody enters or leaves without my permission. ________________ 12.I control all of the activities of the cell. I have been called the brains of the entire operation. ________________ 13.I guard the cell from intruders. I decide who enters the cell and who leaves. I am present in BOTH plant and animal cells. ________________ 14.We are known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. We make energy in the form of ATP. ________________ 15.I am a non-living material making up cell walls. I am stiff and strong, a form of starch. ________________