Classification 7 th Science Ely, Hoyman, Jackson

Why Classify? Classification: the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics. Classifying helps us to understand and order the many kinds of living things. Scientist group things by a system called Taxonomy. o Taxonomy is the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Who did it? In the 1700’s a Swedish scientist founded modern taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus He created a 7 level system to classify He named this process: binomial Nomenclature He classified things by: o Shape o Structure

7 Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

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Scientific Name Has 2-parts Usually Latin or Greek Used to group the animals and simplify the process of knowing where they belonged in the classification process Genus (1 st ): Capital Specific (2 nd ): lower case o Example: Asian Elephant o Scientific Name: Elephas maximus o Genus: Elephas o Specific: maximus

Scientific Names Water Buffalo  Bufo Bufo Bufo Red Wolf  Canis Lupus Rufus Canis Lupus Rufus Bottle Nosed Dolphin  Tursiops Truncatus Tursiops Truncatus

Humans… Humans Scientific Name: Homo sapiens

Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key: an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consist of the answers to a series of questions Important to help scientist group new unknown species

Read steps 1a and 1b Decide which statement is true 1b is true Lets Learn How…

Then follow the directions after that step. Go to step 5!

At choice 5, you make another dichotomous choice Go to step 6! 5a is true

Keep going until you come to a step that gives you the creature’s name. C 6 a. The creature has one antennae Go to Step 7.

1. a. Organism is living go to b. Organism is nonliving go to a. Object is metallic go to b. Object is nonmetallic ROCK. 3. a. Object has wheels BICYCLE. 3. b. Object does not have wheels TIN CAN. 4. a. Organism is microscopic PARAMECIUM. 4. b. Organism is macroscopic go to a. Organism is a plant go to b. Organism is an animal go to a. Plant has a woody stem go to b. Plant has a herbaceous stem DANDELION. 7. a. Tree has needle like leaves PINE TREE. 7. b. Tree has broad leaves OAK TREE. 8. a. Organism lives on land go to b. Organism lives in water CLAM. 9. a. Organism has 4 legs or fewer go to b. Organism has more than 4 legs ANT. 10 a. Organism has fur go to b. Organism has feathers ROBIN. 11 a. Organism has hooves DEER. 11 b. Organism has no hooves MOUSE.

6 Kingdoms 1.Plant 2.Animal 3.Archaebacteria 4.Eubacteria 5.Fungus 6.Protista

Plant Kingdom Plants are all multicellular and consist of complex cells. Has over 250,000 species The plant kingdom is the second largest kingdom. Plant species range from the tiny green mosses to giant trees. Without plants, life on Earth would not exist! Plants feed almost all the heterotrophs (organisms that eat other organisms) on Earth. Plants are autotrophs, organisms that make their own food

Animal Kingdom The animal kingdom is the largest kingdom with over 1 million known species. All animals consist of many complex cells. They are heterotrophs. Members of the animal kingdom are found in the most diverse environments in the world.

Archaebacteria Kingdom These are unicellular Reproduce ONLY by asexual reproduction Important because they make up many decomposers Can live in very harsh environments

Eubacteria Kingdom These are unicellular Reproduce ONLY by asexual reproduction These are common and you are in contact with them regularly They are the smallest organisms Make up the largest number of living things on earth

Fungus Kingdom Most of these are Multicellular Reproduce asexually and sexually Are important in the decomposing of dead organisms Examples: mushrooms, yeast, lichen Over 100,000 species of Fungus Do NOT ingest nutrients to live

Protista Kingdom Most of these are unicellular Reproduce asexually and sexually Includes more than 50,000 organisms Used in toothpaste teeth whiteners Animal like protist are called protozoans Common example: algea