Integrated nutrient and pest management in Organic Agriculture Presented by: Shubhendu Dash AVP-ACCESS Development Services

Effect of chemical fertilizers on soil Before chemical fertilizersAfter applying chemical fertilizers Cementing effect Living soilDead soil Soil particles Beneficial microbes Salts An-aerobic microbes/ pathogens

Modern crop production techniques Output Cost Incidences of pest attack Health hazards Farmer tends to enter into the vicious cycle of credit and debt and finds it difficult to come out of it.

Organic Farming techniques Emphasis on integrated nutrient recycling and management Integrated pest management Pro-biotic approach to tackle all pest/disease problems Living soil Crop rotation, inter cropping and GAP

Chemical input Vs Organic farming Chemical inputs oriented FarmingOrganic Farming  Complex and difficult to manage  If dose of input becomes higher, the crop gets burnt or damaged  Very difficult to learn and apply on field  The nutrients remain available for very less time  The base of chemical farming is Chemistry and macro nutrient management  Higher incidences of pest disease attack as the plant sap gets diluted and the plant becomes more vulnerable.  Management is very simple  No loss or adverse effect if input is applied at a higher rate  Very easy process and an un skilled man can also learn  The soil works as a bank for organic inputs and releases it slowly as per the requirement of plants  The base of Sustainable farming is biology, macro and micro nutrients  No such dilution effect of plant sap. The plant thus shows higher resistance to pest/disease attack.

Common complaints/myths about Organic farming Loss of Productivity: Poor control on Pest & Disease issues: If planned properly

Vermicompost Pit compost EM compost Herbal compost How to address loss of productivity 1. Use of compost for soil fertility management

Difference between compost and chemical fertilizers: CriteriaChemical FertilizersGood quality Compost Macro nutrient contents Only one or two nutrients in any one type of chemical fertilizer Contains all i.e. N, P & K in sufficient quantities Secondary nutrientApply separatelyHas Ca, Mg & S i in required quantities Micro nutrient contents Apply separatelyHave Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo and Cl pH balancingDisturb soil pH to create salinity and alkalinity conditions Control of soil pH and checks the salinity and alkalinity in soil EC correctionCreates imbalance in soil EC affecting nutrients assimilation Helps in balancing the EC to improve plant nutrient adsorption Organic carbonNot availableVery high organic carbon and humus contents improves soil characteristics Moisture retention capacity Reduces moisture retention capacity of the soil Increases moistures retention capacity of the soil Soil TextureDamages soil texture to reduce aeration Improves soil texture for better aeration Beneficial bacteria & fungi Reduces biological activities and thus the fertility is impaired Very high biological life improves the soil fertility and productivity on sustainable basis Plant growth hormones Not availableSufficient quantity helps in better growth and production

The microorganisms in Bio-fertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil Organic matter. How to address loss of productivity 2. Use of Bio-fertilizers Name of BiofertilizerAdvantagesRate of applicationUsed in crops like RhizobiumNitrogen fixationSeed treatment – 200 to 300 gm/acre Leguminous crops AzotobacterNitrogen fixation500 gm/acreWheatWheat, Maize, Mustard, Cotton, Potato and other vegetable crops.MaizeMustard Cotton AzospirillumNitrogen fixation gm/acreSorghumSorghum, Millets, Maize, Sugarcane and Wheat.MilletsMaize Sugarcane Blue Green Algae Blue Green Algae (BGA) Nitrogen fixation1-1.5 kg/acrePaddy PSB Pantoea agglomerans Pantoea agglomerans strain P5, and Pseudomonas putida strain P13 Pseudomonas putida Solubilize the insoluble phosphate from organic and in organic phosphate sourceinsoluble phosphatein organic phosphate 500 gm/acreAll crops MychorhizaGets attached to the roots symbiotically and helps in increased nutrient uptake 2-3 kg / acreMostly horticulture crops

How to address loss of productivity 3. Use of Natural minerals Name of mineral AdvantageRate of application Rock Phosphate Contains Phosphorous in natural form and has 20-30% of P2O5 Mixed with Wood ashContains 5-7% K, 1-2% P and % Ca Mixed with for better result Coal dustIncreases C/N ratio of compost and soil and helps in buildup of organic matter Mixed with for better result GypsumUsed to buffer pH in Alkaline soil1-1.5 ton/acre DolomiteUsed to buffer pH in acidic soil1-1.5 ton/acre

How to address loss of productivity 4. Use of foliar fertility management solutions Nutrients provided through soil is released slowly and may not suffice the requirement of plants during various stages of extra growth like branching, flowering and fruiting. Some common inputs/ingredients viz. cow dung, cow urine, gram flour, jaggery and water can prepare very good nutrients for foliar fertility management. Also sea weed extract.

50 % of pest problems can be solved by good soil fertility management. Crop rotation/ intercropping/ trap cropping etc. can reduce 25% of pest problems. Rest of 25 % problems can be solved by natural pest control techniques. It has been noted that, most of the farmers apply semi decomposed organic matter/ animal dung in the soil. This actually helps growth of soil pests. Soil related diseases can be treated very effectively by preparing good compost. Care should be taken that the compost applied on the soil should always be fully decomposed. Tackling pest and disease issues Integrated Pest & Disease Management

Integrated Pest & Disease Management On farm inputs for pest management Name of plantSuckingChewingSoil born diseases Neem*** Datura Indica*** Artemisia*** Papaya* Casuarinas* Turmeric* Aloe vera* Onion** Garlic** Bougainvillea Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) ** Chrysanthemum** Marigold** Eucalyptus** Tea leaf oil* Drumstick*

Integrated Pest & Disease Management Bio control agents Parasitic Insects like Trichogama chilonis Predatory Insects like Lady bird Beetle Bacteria: Bacillus Thüringensis have specific activities against insect species of the orders Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Diptera (flies and mosquitoes), Coleoptera (beetles), hymenoptera (wasps, bees, ants and sawflies) and nematodes. LepidopteraDipteraColeoptera hymenopterawaspsbeesantssawfliesnematodes

Fungi: Viz. Trichoderma viridie, Bauveria basiana Viruses: N.P.V. (Nuclear polyhedrosis virus): moths and butterflies mothsbutterflies Integrated Pest & Disease Management Bio control agents

Pheromone traps Light Trap Yellow trap Mulching Integrated Pest & Disease Management Mechanical control methods

Crop Rotation Inter-cropping Mixed cropping Deep ploughing in summer Integrated Pest & Disease Management Cultural control methods