IIIIIIIVV Chemical Reactions Types of Chemical Reactions

A. Combustion CH 4 (g) + 2O 2 (g)  CO 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(g) n the burning of a hydrocarbon in O 2 to produce carbon dioxide and water n Hydrocarbon: substance composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon

B. Synthesis n the combination of 2 or more substances to form a compound n only one product A + B  AB

B. Synthesis H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g)  2 HCl(g)

C. Decomposition n a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances n only one reactant AB  A + B

C. Decomposition 2 H 2 O(l)  2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)

KBr(l)  K(s) + Br 2 (l) 2 2 C. Decomposition n Products:  Binary compounds will break down into the elements  Binary compound: compound formed from 2 elements

D. Single Replacement n one element replaces another in a compound  metal replaces metal (+)  nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-) A + BC  B + AC

D. Single Replacement Cu(s) + 2AgNO 3 (aq)  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2Ag(s)

Fe(s)+ CuSO 4 (aq)  Cu(s)+ FeSO 4 (aq) D. Single Replacement n Products:  Free element and a compound  free element on the reactant side must be more active than the element it is replacing (check activity series) Br 2 (l)+ NaCl(aq)  N.R.

AB + CD  AD + CB E. Double Replacement n ions in two compounds “change partners” n cation of one compound combines with anion of the other

E. Double Replacement Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + K 2 CrO 4 (aq)  PbCrO 4 (s) + 2KNO 3 (aq)

Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq)+ KI(aq)  PbI 2 (s)+ KNO 3 (aq) E. Double Replacement n Products:  switch positive ions  one product must be insoluble (solid or gas) - (check solubility table) NaNO 3 (aq)+ KI(aq)  N.R. 2 2