Voice.

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Presentation transcript:

Voice

Things to be considered Subject (noun/pronoun) Object (noun/pronoun) Complement Verb Verb phrase Verb forms Forms of a verb Transitive and intransitive verbs Sentence + sentence forms

Voice Voice is a form of a verb which is used to show either something is done by the subject or something is done to the subject We are studying English English is being studied by us

Active Voice We use a sentence in active voice when we are interested in what the subject does. Examples: We play cricket. I am teaching English. She bought a car

English is being taught by me. A car is bought by her. Passive Voice We use a sentence in passive voice when we are interested in what is done to the subject. Examples: Cricket is played by us. English is being taught by me. A car is bought by her.

When do we use active voice? When the doer of the action is clear When it is important to know what is done by the people When the doer of an action is more important than the receiver When do we use passive voice? When the doer of the action is not clear When it is important to know what is done to the people When the receiver of an action is more important than the doer Note: these tenses are not common in passive voice: Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense.

Changing a sentence from active voice to passive voice Rules: We should know the tense Verb must be transitive Point out the subject and the object of the sentence. Change the sentence to passive voice by making the object of active voice the subject of passive voice

Example Mursal Active Subject helps Active Verb Samim. Active Object Passive Subject is helped Passive Verb by Mursal. Active Object

General structure for passive voice Subject + Be + 3rd verb

Passive Voice Past Present Modals Simple Past Was/were + PP Simple present Is/am/are + PP General Modals + be + PP Present Continuous Is/am/are + being + PP Past Continuous Was/were + being + PP Simple Future Will/ going to + be + PP Present perfect Have/has + been + PP Past Perfect Had + been+ PP

Passive Voice (simple present tense) +) subject + is, am, are + PP --) subject + is, am, are + not + PP ?) Is, am, are + subject + pp She washes the dishes The dishes are washed by her We instruct the students The students are instructed by us They don’t support me I am not supported by them She doesn’t buy the gifts The gifts are not bought by her Does she help the students? Are the students helped by her? Do they play tennis? Is tennis played by them?

Passive Voice (simple past tense) +) subject + was/were + PP --) subject + was/were + not + PP ?) was/were + subject + pp She washed the dishes The dishes were washed by her We studied English English was studied by us They didn’t support me I was not supported by them She didn’t buy the gifts The gifts were not bought by her Did we study English? Was English studied by us? Did they play tennis? Was tennis played by them?

Passive Voice (Present Perfect Tense) +) subject + have/has + been + PP --) subject + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + not + PP ?) Have/has + subject + been + pp She has bought a car A car has been bought by her We have studied English English has been studied by us They haven’t supported me I haven’t been supported by them She hasn’t bought the gifts The gifts haven’t been bought by her Have we studied English? Has English been studied by us? Have they played tennis? Has tennis been played by them?

Passive Voice (Past Perfect Tense) +) subject + had + been + PP --) subject + hadn’t + been + not + PP ?) Had + subject + been + pp She had bought a car A car had been bought by her We had studied English English had been studied by us They hadn’t supported me I hadn’t been supported by them She hadn’t bought the gifts The gifts hadn’t been bought by her Had we studied English? Had English been studied by us? Had they played tennis? Had tennis been played by them?

Passive Voice (Present Continuous Tense) +) subject + is, am, are + being + PP --) subject + is, am, are + not + being + PP ?) Is, am, are + subject + being + pp She is washing the dishes The dishes are being washed by her We are buying a car A car is being bought by us They aren’t supporting me I am not being supported by them She isn’t buying the gifts The gifts are not being bought by her Is she helping the students? Are the students being helped by her? Are they playing tennis? Is tennis being played by them?

Passive Voice (Past Continuous Tense) +) subject + was/were + being + PP --) subject + was/were + not + being + PP ?) was/were + subject + being + pp She was washing the dishes The dishes were being washed by her We were buying a car A car was being bought by us They weren’t supporting me I was not being supported by them She wasn’t buying the gifts The gifts were not being bought by her Was she helping the students? Were the students being helped by her? Were they playing tennis? Was tennis being played by them?

The passive form of modals +) subject + modal + be + PP --) subject + modal + not + PP ?) Modal + subject + be + pp She will wash the dishes The dishes will be washed by her We should buy a car A car should be bought by us They might not support me I might not be supported by them She can’t buy this car This car can’t be bought by her Could she help the students? Could the students be helped by her? Will they buy a computer? Will a computer be bought by them?

WH information questions ?) WH word + be/ modal + subject + be + pp When will she buy this car? When will this car be bought by her? Why is he studying English? Why is English being studied by her? How will they teach the new students? How will the new students be taught by them? Where was she teaching English? Where was English being taught by her?

Extra

Major sentences This book will be bought by the year 2011 I will buy this book by the year 2011 This book will be bought by the year 2011 We don’t expect Shabana to come to the party tonight Shabana is not expected by us to come to the party People speak English in many parts of the world English is spoken in many parts of the world

The passive form of imperative sentences +) let + object + be + pp --) let + object + not + be + pp Open the door Let the door be opened Close your books Let your books be closed Don’t open the door Let the door not be opened Don’t close your books Let your books not be closed

Direct and indirect object in passive voice A gift was bought for Ali by her She bought a gift for Ali Ali was bought a gift by her A letter was sent by me to her I sent a letter to her She was sent a letter by me

By phrase By phrase is a part of a passive sentence which shows the performer of an action and it is made of two parts. 1) the preposition “by” 2) the subject of active sentence Note: we use “by phrase” when it is important to know who performs the action or else we don’t. Examples: That mistake was corrected by Ali. English is spoken in many countries. (by phrase is not important) This book was written in 1999. (by phrase is not important)

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