ECE 1304 Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering What is Electrical Engineering? Part 4 (Since 1950)

What is Electricity? Electromagnetism is a property of the universe that may be used to … –Transmit and convert energy. –Transmit and manipulate information. Electrical Engineers use these properties to make useful things.

1950 – ’s – Germanium transistor developed. By 1958 silicon begins to replace germanium as a semiconductor material – UNIVAC becomes the first commercial computer – Grace Hopper develops the first computer compiler – Transistor Radio is introduced and becomes the largest selling item of all time – Regular broadcasts of color television – Gene Amdahl develops the first computer operating system for the IBM – Arco, Idaho, population 1200, becomes the world’s first community to have all electrical power to be provided by nuclear power.

1950s Transistors and Circuit Boards

Univac (1951)

Harvard Mark I Computer

Grace Hopper ( ) The Queen of Software One of the first programmers of the first electronic computer, the Harvard Mark I, in Wrote the first compiler program. Developed COBOL one of the first high- level programming languages. Retired a Rear Admiral in the US Navy

Grace Hopper

IBM 704

1955 – – Reynold Johnson develops the first disk drive (5 MB) – FORTRAN becomes commercially available – Sputnik I is launched – Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments invents the integrated circuit – Robert Noyce develops an integrated circuit that can be miniaturized and reliably manufactured – AT&T introduces the first modem – Seymour Cray at Control Data Corp. develops the first transistorized computer – Schawlow and Townes publish paper on laser

First Disk Drive Test Bed 1954

Keypunch Operator (One of the options on career day in 1975)

Jack Kilby ( ) 1958 Addressing the “tyranny of numbers” problem and the reliability problems associated with the large number of wiring connections required for complex circuits, suggested that the components be manufactured on a single piece of semiconductor.

1 st integrated circuit – 1958

Robert Noyce ( ) Co-founder of Intel Corporation Filed a patent for a “Semiconductor Device and Lead Structure” 1958 Filed a patent for the Field Effect Transistor.

1960 – – Solid ruby laser introduced by Theodore Maiman – Silicon integrated circuits first appear – First semiconductor laser developed by Robert Hall – First minicomputer introduced – First communications satellite to reach synchronous orbit is launched – IBM introduces the Model 360 computer – Intel Chairman Gordon Moore declares that integrated circuits will double in complexity every 18 months, this is dubbed “Moore’s Law.”

IBM 360

Gordon Moore (1929) Co-founder of Intel Corporation.

1965 – Digital Equipment Corp. introduces the PDP-8 minicomputer – First handheld calculator using an integrated circuit introduced by Texas Instruments – Apollo 11 moon landing, Neil Armstrong walks on the moon – ARPAnet unveiled at UCLA.

PDP 8 – 1965 First minicomputer

1970 – – First optical fiber produced by Robert Maurer at Corning – Intel introduces the bit microprocessor – introduced by Ray Tomlinson – X-ray computed tomography (CT) developed by Hounsfield – Xerox develops the first local area network.

Intel 4004

1975 – – The first is sent 1975 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen found Microsoft – First semiconductor laser operating continuously at room temperature – Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniac form the Apple Computer Company – Alan Shugart of IBM invents the 5.25 – inch floppy – Bell Labs field tests fiber-optic communication links – First Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)

Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs

1980 – – Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) developed by Lauterbur – Philip Estridge of IBM develops the first hard drive for PC’s. It holds 10MB – 32-bit microprocessor developed 1981 – Space Shuttle Columbia is launched – IBM introduces the PC – Columbia Data System clones the first PC – Apple Computer introduces the Macintosh computer – Microsoft releases Windows – Compact Disc player introduced – Cellular Telephone Industries Association formed

1983 Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

1990 – – The world Wide Web is born – The internet browser MOSAIC is introduced at the University of Illinois by Marc Andreeson 1994 – Geocities, one of the first social networking sites – AOL Instant Messenger is launched – 150 million users on the internet, over 800 million web pages accessible.

2000 – – Friendster is launched – MySpace is launched – Facebook is launched – Twitter is launched – iPhone introduced – Analog TV broadcast discontinued – number of Web users expected to exceed 2 billion.

2007 iPhone

What will you do as an Electrical Engineer? We don’t know! You may work with devices that are not yet invented! You may work with systems that no one now imagines! You may not even work as an engineer!