Lee invasion of North repelled Bloodiest day in US history Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862 Significance? Lee invasion of North repelled Bloodiest day in US history Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation Change from McClellan to Burnside The origin of the term “sideburns”

Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862

Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200,000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.

War Room! Known as the Union’s biggest “folly” Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond). Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point War Room!

Union embarrassed…again! Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 Significance? Union embarrassed…again! Prompts more leadership changes with Union (Burnside to Joe Hooker)

Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size) Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863 Significance? Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size) Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

- Lee’s second invasion was thwarted Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863 Significance? - Lee’s second invasion was thwarted 20k more Union casualties, but turning point in war for South

Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

Union now controls Mississippi River Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863 Significance? Union now controls Mississippi River Grant made commander of Army of Potomac

Sherman’s March to the Sea: Nov – Dec, 1864

Grant began a siege on Richmond and… Due to Grant’s success in the west, Lincoln made Grant supreme commander of Union army in 1864; Grant devised a strategy to invade the South on all fronts Grant began a siege on Richmond and… In July 1863, General Grant took Vicksburg & gained control of the Mississippi River The Civil War Lee led an attack into the North, but lost at Gettysburg; North’s 1st real victory in the east William Sherman began his “march to the sea” (Atlanta to Savannah) & destroyed everything of military value

- Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.) “Sherman’s Neckties” Significance? Demoralizes the South - Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.)

Andersonville Prison: Dec, 1864

MAP 1: Civil War Prison Camps 1. Bell Isle—Richmond, Virginia 2. Cahaba Prison—Cahaba, Alabama 3. Camp Chase—Columbus, Ohio 4. Camp Douglas—Chicago, Illinois 5. Camp Florence—Florence, South Carolina 6. Camp Lawton—Millen, Georgia 7. Camp Morton—Indianapolis, Indiana 8. Camp Sumter—Andersonville, Georgia 9. Castle Pickney—Charleston, S.C. 10. Elmira Prison—Elmira, New York 11. Johnson's Island—Sandusky, Ohio 12. Libby Prison—Richmond, Virginia 13. Old Capitol Prison—Washington, D.C. 14. Point Lookout—Point Lookout, MD 15. Rock Island—Rock Island, Illinois 16. Salisbury—Salisbury, North Carolina

Prisoners were exchanged on the following basis: 1 general = 46 privates 1 major general = 40 privates 1 brigadier general = 20 privates 1 colonel = 15 privates 1 lieutenant colonel = 10 privates 1 major = 8 privates 1 captain = 6 privates 1 lieutenant = 4 privates 1 noncommissioned officer = 2 privates

(Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)

(Andersonville National Historic Site, National Park Service)

FUN FACT !!! Roughly 5% of those fighting on Civil War battlefields would die on the battlefield. Roughly 14% of those entering Civil War prison camps would die while in prison camps. Which would you prefer?

Andersonville Prison was shut down when the war ended in 1865. CONCLUSION: Andersonville Prison was shut down when the war ended in 1865. Some former prisoners remained in federal service, but most returned to their prewar civilian occupations. Andersonville Prison continues to symbolize the prisoner of war experience: physical and mental suffering and the need to cope with almost intolerable conditions. Significance? CSA prison camp where 45,000 Union POWs were held Represents the physical/mental suffering of war

Battle of Appomattox Courthouse: April 9, 1865

On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, ending the fighting of Civil War Significance? Lee surrenders to Grant, ending the war - Lincoln will be assassinated just 6 days later

Military Leadership During the Civil War Both graduates of West Point Academy Both fearless, decisive on battlefield Both fought Mexican-American War Video Lee commanding general throughout Grant 7th commanding Union general Refined, always professional Slob in nature, messy “Unconditional Surrender” Brilliant Strategist in battle An unknown at war’s start Asked to lead UNION army, helped VA