4.3 Acceleration  Acceleration is the rate at which your speed (or velocity) changes.

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Presentation transcript:

4.3 Acceleration  Acceleration is the rate at which your speed (or velocity) changes.

4.3 Acceleration What is the bike’s acceleration?

4.3 Acceleration  Acceleration describes how quickly speed changes.  Acceleration is the change in speed divided by the change in time.

4.3 Speed and acceleration  An acceleration of 20 km/h/s means that the speed increases by 20 km/h each second.  The units for time in acceleration are often expressed as “seconds squared” and written as s 2. Can you convert this rate using conversion factors?

Solving Problems  A sailboat moves at 1 m/s.  A strong wind increases its speed to 4 m/s in 3 s.  Calculate acceleration.

1.Looking for:  …acceleration of sailboat 2.Given:  …v 1 = 1 m/s; v 2 = 4 m/s; time = 3 s 3.Relationships:  a = v 2 – v 1 /t 4.Solution:  a = (4 m/s – 1 m/s)/ 3 s = 1 m/s 2 Solving Problems

4.3 Acceleration on speed-time graphs  Positive acceleration adds more speed each second.  Things get faster.  Speed increases over time.

4.3 Acceleration on speed-time graphs  Negative acceleration subtracts some speed each second.  Things get slower.  People sometimes use the word deceleration to describe slowing down.

4.3 Acceleration on position-time graphs  The position vs. time graph is a curve when there is acceleration.  The car covers more distance each second, so the position vs. time graph gets steeper each second.

4.3 Acceleration on position-time graphs  When a car is slowing down, the speed decreases so the car covers less distance each second.  The position vs. time graph gets shallower with time.

4.3 Free fall  An object is in free fall if it is accelerating due to the force of gravity and no other forces are acting on it.

4.3 Acceleration and direction  A car driving around a curve at a constant speed is accelerating because its direction is changing.

4.3 Curved motion  A soccer ball is an example of a projectile.  A projectile is an object moving under the influence of only gravity.  The path of the ball makes a bowl-shaped curve called a parabola.

4.3 Curved motion  Circular motion is another type of curved motion.  An object in circular motion has a velocity vector that constantly changes direction.