Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall CS170 Computer Organization and Architecture I Ayman Abdel-Hamid Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University Lecture 4: 9/5/2002

CS170 Fall Outline Technology trends Some history! Summary of chapter 1 Today we should wrap up chapter 1

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall Technology Dramatic change Processor –logic capacity: about 30% per year –clock rate: about 20% per year Memory –DRAM capacity: about 60% per year (4x every 3 years) –Memory speed: about 10% per year –Cost per bit: improves about 25% per year Disk –capacity: about 60% per year ©UCB Fall 1997

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall Workstations Performance Increase COPYRIGHT 1998 MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Improvement of 54% per year 2x every 18 months Based on integer SPEC92 benchmarks

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall Some History! Timeline of Computing History Timeline of Computing History (IEEE Computer) ( The History of computing The History of computing (Virginia Tech) ( Chronology of historical events in Computing Chronology of historical events in Computing (Hofstra University) ( ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (1946) considered world’s first general-purpose electronic computer 80 feet long by 8.5 feet high and several feet wide Data entered on punched cards COPYRIGHT 1998 MORGAN KAUFMANN PUBLISHERS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall Some History! Computer generations GenerationDatesTechnologyPrincipal new Product Vacuum TubesCommercial Electronic Computer TransistorsCheaper Computers Integrated CircuitMinicomputer ?LSI and VLSIPC and workstations Fig Page 42 Fig Page 43

Lecture 4: 9/5/2002CS170 Fall Summary of Chapter 1 Computer Components Computer architecture and organization Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) Technology (Cost of Integrated Circuits) A Look Ahead  Chapter 2 Performance measures. Execution time is the only adequate measure of performance Benchmarks: what are they and how are they used to evaluate performance