Chapter 12 Transformations Around the Globe

Section 1 Assesment 3.The Chinese were economically self- sufficient. 4.Growing population, poor harvests, corruption, growing opium addiction 5.Qing officials felt threatened; Dowager Empress committed to tradition 6.China’s size and its centralized gov’t made conquest difficult

Who are the two groups of people? What do the Europeans want? What are their attitudes? What type of things are they offering? What is the reaction of the Chinese? What else do you notice? Discuss w/ your partner:

China and the West –China had no need to trade w/ West Self-sufficient: agricultural, mining, manufacturing (not industrialized) –Opium War Brit sold opium to improve balance of trade between Brit & CH CH did not want the drug; led to fighting Brit use superior navy to win Results: –CH suffered humiliating defeat –Sign Treaty of Nanking –CH gives up island of Hong Kong –Brit does not stop selling opium Foreigners in CH benefit from extraterritorial rights –Did not have to follow CH law Section 1 China Resists Outside Influence Balance of trade: relationship between exports and imports Opium: addictive drug made from poppy plant, CH doctors used it to relieve pain

Taiping Rebellion –Rebel government in southeastern China that lasted about 10 years –Imperial, Brit, & FR troops brought down Taiping gov’t Foreign Influence Grows –Empress Cixi supported self- strengthening movement but foreign interference created problems –Many Euro powers and Japan gained a sphere of influence in CH –US declared the Open Door Policy so they would not be left out of trading w/ CH Sphere of Influence: a region in which a foreign nation controls trade and investment Open Door Policy: proposed that all nations have equal opportunities to trade in China

Boxer Rebellion –Poor peasants were bitter b/c: foreigners had special privileges Did not like CH who became Christians Did not like Cixi’s rule –She stopped Guangxu’s attempt to modernize CH –European troops squashed the Rebellion –Resentment of foreigners contributed to both the Opium War & Boxer Rebellion Resentment: being unhappy about something

China Resists Outside Influence CausesEvent Effects Britain’s refusal to stop opium trade1. Opium War Chinese defeated & humiliated; Britain gets Hong Kong & continues to sell opium; extraterritorial rights for foreigners; Chinese resentment against foreigners Hunger & starvation caused by inability to feed enormous population; increasing opium addiction; poverty 2. Taiping Rebellion Restoration of Qing to power; at least 20 million people die Need to modernize education, diplomatic service & military; support of Dowager Empress 3. Self-strengthening movement Ability to produce its own warships and ammunition China’s week military, economic & political problems; division of China into Western spheres of influence; US fears that China would be divided in to colonies and American traders would be shut out 4. Open Door Policy Protection of American trading rights in China; keeping China free from colonization; continued economic imperialism in China Chinese people’s long-standing frustration with poor conditions and government failure to reform; anger over special privileges granted to foreigners; resentment of Chinese Christians; failure of Guangxu’s reform efforts 5. Boxer Rebellion Failure to effect reforms; emergence of sense of nationalism; Qing court’s beginning steps toward reform