Imperialism in China

I. European trade increases I. British take the lead A. China (Qing Dynasty) begins a period of declining power while west increases B. British open more ports for trade—silks, tea, spices, porcelain C. British in China want British justice D. Opium—British grow opium in India, trade it in China 1. Manchu emperor orders opium trade stopped 2. British and Chinese merchants ignore law —Lin Ze Xu burned crates of foreign opium, wrote letter to Queen Victoria; British respond

I. European trade increases II. The First Opium War A. British sent warships and Chinese are easily defeated B. Treaty of Nanking 1. British get trading rights, new ports, payments, Hong Kong, and extraterritoriality III. The Second Opium War A. Legal to import opium to China B. Wars left legacy of bitterness and mistrust between East and West

II. Resistance to change I. Reform Movements—Taiping Rebellion A. Sparked by poverty and government corruption B. Wanted to end the Qing dynasty C. Hong Xiuquan—believed he was related to Jesus D. Attacked Chinese government; wanted to create “Taiping”, or Great Peace E. Crushed after 14 years ( ) F. Started a debate over change in China G. “Self strengthening movement” II. Empress Ci Xi A. Ruled from B. Usually resisted change and held to Confucian ideals C. Later began to accept reforms

III. Mistreatment of China I. Sino-Japanese War—1895 A. Japan defeats China, gains Taiwan B. Western nations plan to divide China 1. Leases on ports—Russia, Germany, Britain, France 2. Spheres of Influence 3. United States calls for Open Door Policy C. 100 Days of Reform

IV. The Boxer Rebellion I. Boxers A. aka Righteous Harmonious Fists B. Called Boxers by Westerners who see them train C. Supported Empress Ci Xi and resisted change D. Resisted western influence E. Wanted to rid China of westerners F. Attacked and murdered westerners in China G. Lasted from

IV. The Boxer Rebellion II. Punishment by the West A. British, French, German and American troops put down the rebellion B. Boxers defeated, China pays for damages C. Nationalism grew III. Reforms A. China begins to modernize with foreign money B. Women in schools C. Industry—shipping, mining,

V. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) A. Yixian wanted to end the dynasty, establish a republic, and ensure economic security B. Western educated C. Established the Revolutionary Alliance D. Three principles of the people 1. Nationalism—freedom from West 2. Democracy 3. Livelihood E. After Ci Xi dies, chaos ensues F. Yixian is named President in 1911