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Prepare your scantron: Fill in your name and fill the bubbles under your name. LAST NAME FIRST, First name second Put your 4-digit code instead of “ IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ”. --- (The last 4 digits of your OleMiss ID.) Question # 1: answer A Question # 2: answer C Question # 3: answer C Setup: Please take a moment to mute your cell phone! Use a pencil, not a pen! Reading assignment Chapter 15, pp (Stars)

sec 30 Question 4 29 The spectra of stars normally are A emission spectrum: a few bright lines only. B absorption spectrum: dark lines over a bright continuum. C composite spectra: dark bands of light with bright centers, over a bright continuum. D continuous spectra: continuous bright spectrum like a rainbow. E molecular emission spectra: many wide, bright bands Next question coming … This question counts double!

sec 45 Question Next question coming … What is the Doppler effect? A Stars move on tiny circles in the sky, once a year. B A fast moving star ’ s spectral lines are redshifted, independently of the direction of motion. C Stars close to the center of the Galaxy appear red because the Universe is expanding. D The spectral lines of a star are shifted towards red, if the star is moving away from us, and towards blue, if the star is approaching us. E A star appears red when rising or setting. This question counts double!

sec 30 Question 6 29 The strongest line in the solar spectrum is a calcium line. Why is that? A The most abundant element in the solar photosphere is calcium. B Although the main constituent of the photosphere is hydrogen, there are dark calcium clouds floating higher up. C It is very easy for calcium, a metal, to have its electrons moved to an upper orbit This question counts double!

Spectroscopic binaries Calculate: * Orbital speed ( shift in % of wavelength = speed in % of speed of light ) * Size of orbit ( time period × speed = 2 r  ) Mass * Mass of stars ( Kepler III: M × T 2 = r 3 ) Measure: * Blue/red shift of lines * Time period Earth

Questions coming …

sec 30 Question 7 29 How do we know the mass of (some) stars? A Using measurements of their planets. B Using measurements of the force of their gravity on spaceships. C Using the red/blue shift of spectral lines of double stars. D Using measurements of their brightness and color Next question coming …

sec 45 Question In a star ’ s spectrum all the hydrogen lines are shifted towards red, and all the metal (sodium, calcium, etc. ) lines are blueshifted. This could be explained by the following situation: A The hydrogen in the star ’ s atmosphere is hotter than the metals. B The hydrogen in the star ’ s atmosphere is colder than the metals. C The star is a double, consisting of a regular star A plus a metal- reach star B. Star A is moving away from us, star B is approaching us as they revolve. D The star is a double, consisting of a regular star A plus a metal- reach star B. Star B is moving away from us, star A is approaching us as they revolve.