Chapter 1 Principles of Government and Politics Section 1 Introducing Politics and Government

Politics = A struggle over who gets what, when, and how What Is Politics? Politics = A struggle over who gets what, when, and how Politics uses power and scarce resources. Politics attempts to reach a political goal. Politics produces winners and losers. Winner gets power or interests served. Relationship between power and authority. Authority is power gained through lawful means which citizens recognize as legitimate or “right”.

Political Activities Question: What would you consider a political activity? Question: What types of political activities do you take part in? Answer: Persuading, coaxing, compromising, bargaining, and cooperating are all examples of political behavior because they help people attain their goals. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Politics and Government Politics is a process. Does not equal government. Government is an organization. provides the rules and institutions that shape how politics operates. Institution: organization that carries out a certain function of government Each government exercises authority over a state or nation. (State: Sovereignty over population in territory.) Politics shapes the rules that a state uses to regulate how power is distributed. When people accept the authority of a government, they are acknowledging that it is legitimate © EMC Publishing, LLC

Purposes of Government The purposes of government are to: Maintain social order Ensure domestic tranquility Establish justice Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare Secure liberty © EMC Publishing, LLC

Role of the People Rights of American People: Vote in free elections if 18 or older. Run for office if of the right age. Support political candidates for office, organize political groups, march for a cause, and protest. Responsibilities Obey the law. Sit on juries. Pay taxes. Serve in the military.

Government and Economics Economics: Production and distribution of goods and services (Varies according to country) Economic systems: Distribution of resources in society Differs according to government control over economy Do not require people’s consent Karl Marx: Socialist economist Regulated Capitalism: economic system based on free enterprise with government oversight to protect rights and promote fairness United States is a Capitalist Republic Note to teachers: Emphasize that capitalism is often called a “free enterprise system” or a “market economy,” and that in a pure form of this system, the government has no role to play. Also discuss that the United States is a mixed economy because there is some government control. Next, discuss socialism and explain that it can also be called a “command economy” because the government, or government planners, “command” the interplay of goods and services. Finally, explain how social democracy is a mixture of ideas from socialism and capitalism. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Your Turn Under which of the following economic systems would the government own all the land, factories, and businesses in the society? Laissez-faire capitalism Socialist or command economy Regulated capitalist economy Social democracy Note to teachers: The correct answer to this question is b. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Different Political Systems There are two broad types of political systems: Authoritarian: Government has ultimate power over how people live their lives. (State comes first; no rights.) Example: Nazi Germany Totalitarian: Can exercise power over everything. Nonauthoritarian: Ultimate power rests with the people in the state. Example: United States © EMC Publishing, LLC

Authoritarian Systems Autocracy: One powerful individual Monarchy: Powerful king or queen, inherited position, not always authoritarian (Type of autocracy) Fascism: Powerful state, dictator as leader (Hitler) Oligarchy: Power given to small group or party (Government by the few) Theocracy: Sovereign God, powerful representative on earth © EMC Publishing, LLC

Nonauthoritarian Systems Anarchy: Neither government nor laws. Democracy: Government run by the people All-powerful populace Equality: Certain rights guaranteed to all citizens Compromise is central Direct democracy: Government with people standing up for themselves Majority rule by voter decision Indirect democracy: Government with elected leaders representing the people. Example: United States Note to teachers: Anarchy would be a difficult system to live in because there is no order. How does one organize to do anything in a system that believes in no order or rules? Point this out to students. Also point out there are no current systems that follow this model. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Socialism and Democracy Socialism: individuals do not make decisions, government does. Government sets prices, wages, and distributes wealth. Social Democracy: system that reflects a belief that most property can be privately held but also embraces the values of equality promoted by socialism. Pluralistic democracy: participating in government as a group member is more valuable than participating as an individual. Example: Several small political groups uniting to outvote a larger group. © EMC Publishing, LLC

Your Turn Citizenship allows members of a government to take part in certain rights and responsibilities. What are the responsibilities of citizenship in a democracy? Note to teachers: Students should brainstorm a list of things that citizenship entails in a democracy. Write that list down on the board. © EMC Publishing, LLC