C2.1(1) ORIGINS AND FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE U.S.A. What Are the historical and philosophical origins of American constitutional government? Magna Carta(“Great Charter”) (1215) Protect the rights and land Had very limited effect on common man Ideas we borrowed: The right to be judged by your peers Right to a fair and speedy trial

C1.2(1) The Mayflower Compact (1620) first written framework of government in what is now the United States Idea we borrowed: All people must obey the rules and laws written in a compact

C2.1(1) The English Bill of Rights (1689) Broad definition of rights of all English citizens Ideas we borrowed: Free elections Free speech in Parliament (the lawmaking body in England) No taxation without representation Fines and imprisonments should not be overly-cruel

C2.1(1) The Iroquois Confederation Idea we borrowed: The importance of forming alliances

C1.2(1) The Northwest Ordinance (1787) controlled the admission of the Midwest states laid the legal groundwork for their functioning Developed the concept of townships Townships would be divided into sections one mile square (640 acres) numbered 1 to 36.

C1.2(1) The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1786) Written by T. Jefferson Gov’t should not promote religion Gov’t should not interfere with religion Idea we borrowed: Separation of Church and State

C2.1(1) The Federalist Papers ( ) Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay 85 essays Explained how our gov’t should function

C1.2(1) Federalist Paper #10 Written by James Madison Stated a strong union could not be torn apart by factions Federalist Paper #14 Written by Madison Response to his critics who claimed the U.S. was too big territorially to be governed as a democracy Madison: we are not a (direct) democracy, we are a republic Republics elect representatives to carry out political duties

C1.2(1) Federalist Paper #51 Written by...Madison? Hamilton? The three branches of gov’t must have power to “check” each other

C2.1(1) SUMMARY QUESTIONS 1.Why Do You Think the Pilgrims Needed a Compact? 2.Many Societies in History Had an Official State Religion. Is This a Good Thing? Why or Why not? 3.Why Do You Think Without the Magna Carta There May Have Been No English Bill of Rights? 4.Give Examples of “Checks and Balances” You See in School 1.Ex: principal, teachers, students, parents, etc 5.Of The 9 Influences on Our Form of Gov’t, Which do You Feel is Most Influential? Why?