Cells.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells

Cell Discovery 1665 Robert Hooke: Around the time of Newton discovered the cell Saw dead cells of a cork plant Called them cells because they related to his ‘cell’

Cell Discovery 1673 Antony van Leeuwenhoek Saw first live cell

Cell Theory 150 Years Later All living things are composed of one or more cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells

Cell Diversity 200 different types of cells in our body Most are microscopic Few can be seen without a microscope Frog egg cells Giraffe nerve cell in leg (2 meters long)

Shape Determines Function!! Cell Shapes Why are cells shaped differently? Shape Determines Function!!

Cell Shapes What does a nerve cell look like? How does a skin cell appear?

Shape Determines Function!! Cell Shapes What about a white blood cell? Why?? Shape Determines Function!!

Internal Organization Cells have structures called organelles Perform specific functions in the cell Like miniature organs

Why are Cells so Small? Surface area to volume ratio!! As a cell gets larger, it adds volume faster than it adds surface area (In English) The bigger the inside, the less area there is on the outside for stuff to pass through Modeling Activity

Animal Cell Organelles Taken from www.cellsalive.com Nucleus: Brain Control center of the cell Surrounded by 2 membranes DNA found here

Animal Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Smooth & Rough Smooth ER Lacks Ribosomes Synthesizes fats Rough ER Contains ribosomes Synthesizes proteins

Animal Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus (golgi body): UPS Center Packages and transports moleules

Animal Cell Organelles Lysosomes: Police force & Recycle Center Digest invaders (such as bacteria) Recycle materials from old organelles

Animal Cell Organelles Mitochondrion: Power house Provide the cell with energy ATP important here Surrounded by 2 membranes

Animal Cell Organelles Cytosol: Soup of the cell “Bathes” other organelles with nutrients Cell membrane: Gatekeeper Controls what goes in or out of the cell

Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole: Landfill & Scaffolding Stores water, chemicals, and wastes Important in plant rigidity

Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis factories Photosynthesis occurs here Gives plants their green color Surrounded by 2 membranes

Plant Cell Organelles Cell wall: Shape & Protection Provides plants with their shape (no bones) Protects the plant (no skin)

Prokaryote Cell Organelles Single Cell Cell wall No nucleus Nuclear region No membrane bound organelles

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