Chapter 11 The Dynamic Planet Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

The Dynamic Planet The Geologic Time Scale Earth’s Structure and Internal Energy The Geologic Cycle Plate Tectonics

Geologic Time Scale Figure 11.1

Earth’s Structure and Internal Energy Earth’s Core Inner Outer Earth’s Mantle Asthenosphere Earth’s Lithosphere and Crust Continental crust Oceanic crust

Earth in Cross Section Figure 11.2

Earth’s Interior Figure 11.2

Earth’s Interior Figure 11.2

Earth’s Interior

Core to Crust Figure 11.3

The vast give-and-take at the Earth- atmosphere-ocean interface or cycling within the lithosphere Fueled by the sun and Earth’s internal heat Hydrologic Cycle Rock Cycle Tectonic Cycle The Geologic Cycle

Rock Cycle Rock – assemblage of minerals bound together or a mass of a single mineral… Minerals – inorganic, nonliving, natural compound having a chemical formula and crystalline structure Igneous Processes Sedimentary Processes Metamorphic Processes

The Geologic Cycle Figure 11.5

The Rock Cycle Figure 11.6

Igneous Rock Types Figure 11.7

Sedimentary Rock Types Figure 11.9

Plate Tectonics Conceptual model and theory of crustal movement Continental drift Sea-floor spreading Subduction of the Crust

Crustal Movements Figure 11.14

Magnetic Reversals Figure 11.15

Relative Age of the Oceanic Crust Figure 11.16

Continents Adrift Figure 11.17

Earth’s Major Plates Figure 11.18

Ocean Floor Figure 11.19

Transform Faults Figure 11.20

Earthquakes and Volcanoes Figure 11.21

Hot Spot Tracks Figure 11.21

End of Chapter 11 Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen