The Elderly Many Elderly Americans Lost All of their Savings During the Great Depression: Bank Failures Stock Market Crash Too Old to Work Many Lost Their Homes & Had to Beg for Food!

Social Security Act! American Workers & Employers Must Make Payments into the Social Security System When Americans Retire at 65, They Can Get Their Money Back in Monthly Payments Helps Older People Have $$$ When They Retire! Known as a Pension System!

The 2nd New Deal More Programs Created by FDR in 1935 to “Stimulate” the Economy The 1st New Deal Helped, But Did NOT Solve the Great Depression! Unemployment Was Still Very High!

The 2nd New Deal: WPA WPA – Works Progress Administration Established Large Scale National Works Programs to Create Jobs! More Public Works Projects!

The 2nd New Deal: REA REA – Rural Electrification Administration Brought Electricity to Rural Areas Gave People Jobs!

The 2nd New Deal: NYA NYA – National Youth Administration Set Up Job Programs for Young People & Helped Them Continue Their Education Since Jobs Were Limited, FDR Wanted High School Graduates to Go to College!

The 2nd New Deal: Wagner Act Protected Workers Rights to Form Unions Set Up a National Board (NLRB) to Hear Labor Disputes (Workers vs. Owners) HELPED UNIONS!

Social Security Act! American Workers & Employers Must Make Payments into the Social Security System When Americans Retire at 65, They Can Get Their Money Back in Monthly Payments Helps Older People Have $$$ When They Retire! Known as a Pension System!

1936 Presidential Election FDR Won the 1936 Presidential Election by a Landslide! (Again) Business Leaders (Owners) Voted Against FDR – Feared Higher Taxes to Pay for New Deal Programs Business Leaders Feared Increasing Government Power!

Working Class & African Americans 1936 Vote Working Class Americans Loved FDR Gave Them Jobs, $$$, Food, Rent FDR’s Programs Helped the Poor Most African Americans Were Poor Why Had African Americans Always Voted Republican Since Abraham Lincoln Was President?

New Deal vs. The Supreme Court Supreme Court Ruled in 1935 that Certain New Deal Programs were “Unconstitutional” Executive Branch Had to Much Power: FDR was Making the Laws & Congress Was Approving Them Control of 2 Branches of Government Executive & Legislative Violation of Checks & Balances

Essential Questions: Should the President of the United States have the power to create laws and programs to help the American People in times of great need? Even if he has to “Bend the Rules?”

“Packing the Court” In 1937, FDR Asked Congress to Add 6 More Supreme Court Justices (9 + 6 = 15 Total) FDR Wanted the New Supreme Court Justices to Approve New Deal Programs Plan TOTALLY Backfired! Everyone Feared a Dictator in Control of All 3 Branches!

Criticisms

New Deal Programs Did Not Fix The Great Depression In 1937, The Economy Took Another Turn For the Worse: Unemployment Rose Factories Fired Workers The New Deal Helped, But Did NOT End the Great Depression! FDR Was Blamed!

Deficit Spending Deficit Spending is Using Borrowed $$$ to Fund Government Programs Spending $$$ The Government Does Not Have Public Works Projects Attempts to Create Jobs! The New Deal & The 2009 “Stimulus” Package!

Deficit Spending Why is it necessary for the government to spend more money than it has during an economic depression? (Hypothesize)

The “New” New Deal?

Essential Questions: What were the goals of FDR's New Deal Programs to help the country recover? How did FDR's response to the Great Depression differ from that of Herbert Hoover's? What criticisms were there of the New Deal Programs passed by Congress? Why was there a need for a 2nd New Deal? How did FDR respond to the New Deal being declared "unconstitutional?"

Essential Questions: Should Rules Ever Be “Bent?”