2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

2 Essential questions: What are the functions of blood? What are some disorders of the blood? How are blood disorders treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the blood? What are the functions of the circulatory system? What are some disorders of the circulatory system? How are disorders of the circulatory system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the circulatory system?

What are the functions of blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 3 Transportation Blood transports oxygen from the lungs, nutrients from the digestive system and fat cells, and hormones from endocrine glands On the return trip blood carries carbon dioxide and other waste products to the kidneys, lungs and other organs for removal

What are the functions of blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4 Regulation regulates hea t- Blood absorbs heat generated by skeletal muscles and spreads it throughout the rest of the body or releases it through the skin regulates acid/base balance- Regulates ph and electrolyte levels Regulates fluid balance of the body by taking in or giving up more fluid

What are the functions of blood? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 5 Protection Blood helps to protect from invasion and infection by pathogens and toxins Specialized WBC and special proteins called antibodies function to prevent infection

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 6 Functions of the blood components Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

Plasma 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 7 Plasma Cellular elements

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 8 Erythrocytes What are the functions of erythrocytes? Transport oxygen with the aid of hemoglobin- iron containing pigment Transports CO2 from the cells to the lungs for removal

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 9 Erythrocytes hemolysis  What is it? When RBC’s rupture releasing hemoglobin into plasma  Where does it occur? In the veins  What is the lifetime of an erythrocyte? About 120 days  What happens to old erythrocytes? Broken down by liver and spleen Starts here

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 10 Rh factor

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 11 Leukocytes What is the function of leukocytes? Compare leukocytes to erythrocytes.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 12 Leukocytes Agranulocytes  Lymphocytes –produce  Antibodies that inhibit or  Directly attack invaders  Monocytes- Increase with  Chronic diseases  phagocytosis

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 13 Leukocytes Granulocytes  Neutrophils-aggressive at fighting bacteria so increase with infection  Can perform phagocytosis-  Eosinophils- combat parasite invasions  Basophils- allergic reactions, also secretes heparin –keeps blood from clotting

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 14 Inflammation Tissue reaction to injury that includes Swelling and reddening due to an increase blood flow to the area

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 15 Thrombocytes Thrombocytes- platelets responsible for blood’s ability to clot

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 16 Thrombocytes

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 17 Blood types

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 18 Blood types  Compare blood types. (antigen/antibodies)  A B AB O Who can receive type O blood?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 19 Rh factor

Erytroblastosis fetalis Rh Disease (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) When a mother who is pregnant with a baby whose blood type is incompatible with the baby's, antibodies in the mother's blood may cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells. This causes anemia in the baby. If it is severe enough, it can cause the baby to die before birth Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 20

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 21 Blood Disorders Anemia Review the symptoms of anemia. Discuss why these symptoms occur.

Anemia Blood condition in which there is a less than normal number of RBC’s, or deficient hemoglobin. Symptoms: pale skin, pale mucous membranes and nail beds Fatigue(tired) and muscle weakness, SOB(shortness of breath) some patients may have chest pain due to decreased levels of oxygen being supplied to the heart Why to people experience these symptoms? 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 22

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 23 Blood disorders

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 24 Blood disorders

Contusion verses hematoma Contusion occur when a direct blow breaks blood vessels beneath the skin causing a pool of blood to form under the skin Hematoma- collection of blood outside of a blood vessel 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 25

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 26 Blood disorders Review the symptoms of hemophilia. Excessive bleeding after trauma Discuss why these symptoms occur. plasma has too little of the proteins that help our blood to clot

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 27 Blood disorders Leukemia Leukemia What is leukemia? Review the symptoms of leukemia.

leukemia Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood characterized by immature white blood cells Treatment: The options are watchful waiting, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation and stem cell transplant or surgery 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 28

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 29 Blood disorders Multiple myeloma Multiple myeloma is a blood disorder related to lymphoma and leukemia, because it usually arises in the bone marrow. There is no cure for multiple myeloma, but treatments are available that slow its progression.leukemia Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation, immunosuppression or surgery Treatment: chemotherapy radiation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 30 Blood disorders PolyMost of the health concerns associated with polycythemia vera are caused by the blood being thicker as a result of the increased red blood cells. It is more common in the elderly and may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Common signs and symptoms include itching (pruritus), and severe burning pain in the hands or feet that is usually accompanied by a reddish or bluish coloration of the skin. Patients with polycythemia vera are more likely to have gouty arthritis. Treatment consists primarily of phlebotomy.gouty arthritisphlebotomy cythemia Plasma Cellular elements

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 31 Blood disorders Septicemia is also known as bacteremia or blood poisoning. occurs when a bacterial infection enters the bloodstream. Untreated septicemia can quickly progress to sepsis, which is a serious complication of an infection characterized by inflammation throughout the body. This inflammation can cause blood clots and block oxygen from reaching vital organs, resulting in organ failure and death in some cases.blood poisoning sepsis Treatment: antibiotics, fluids, Oxygent

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 32 Blood disorders Sickle cell anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle-shaped” means that the red blood cells are shaped like a crescent Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin called sickle hemoglobin or hemoglobin S. Sickle hemoglobin causes the cells to develop a sickle, or crescent, shape. Sickle cells are stiff and sticky. They tend to block blood flow in the blood vessels Blocked blood flow can cause pain and organ damage 33

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia varies from person to person. Some people who have the disease have chronic (long-term) pain or fatigue (tiredness). However, with proper care and treatment, many people who have the disease can have improved quality of life and reasonable health much of the time. Because of improved treatments and care, people who have sickle cell anemia are now living into their forties or fifties, or longer. 34

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 35 What are the functions of the heart?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 36 Functions of the heart Did you know? At rest, 2 ounces of blood is circulated with each heart beat.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 37 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What do pumps do? How does this relate to heart function?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 38 Hear the beat!

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 39 Blood Pressure FYI Blood pressure is the surge of blood when heart pumps creates pressure against the walls of the arteries SYSTOLIC PRESSURE  Measured during the contraction phase DIASTOLIC PRESSURE  Measured when the ventricles are relaxed What is the normal range of blood pressure for an adult?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 40 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What makes the pump work? It’s electric! Explain the electrical activity of the heart.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 41 It’s electric! Discuss the function of the heart’s conduction system.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 42 Electrocardiogram EKG or ECG SYSTOLE = contraction phase DIASTOLE = relaxation phase Baseline of an EKG is a flat line: P = Atrial contraction QRS = Ventricular contraction T = Ventricular relaxation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 43 Functions of the heart It’s a PUMP What makes the pump work? It’s electric!

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 44 Functions of the heart Transportation What does the heart transport? What is involved in the transportation process? How is this a circulatory system function?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 45 The transportation process Discuss systemic circulation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 46 The transportation process Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body (Schematic of systemic circulation)

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 47 The transportation process Discuss cardiopulmonary circulation Compare Systemic Circulation To Cardiopulmonary Circulation

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 48 Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES  What are the functions of arteries?  What are the characteristics of arteries?  Which direction do arteries flow?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 49 Vessels of the circulatory system Describe arterial blood.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 50 Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS  What is the function of arteries?  What are the characteristics of arteries?  Which direction do arteries flow?  Compare arterial and venous blood.

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 51 Vessels of the circulatory system

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 52 Vessels of the circulatory system

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 53 Vessels of the circulatory system Capillaries What is the function of capillaries? What happens if this action is obstructed?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 54 Remember Pulse Sites? Where do they come from?

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 55

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 56 Circulatory disorders Aneurysm

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 57 Circulatory disorders Angina pectoris

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 58

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 59 Circulatory disorders Arrhythmia Is any change from normal heart rate or rhythm BRADYCARDIA  Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute) TACHYCARDIA  Rapid heart rate (>100 beats per minute)

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 60 Circulatory disorders Arteriosclerosis

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 61 Circulatory disorders Atherosclerosis

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 62 Circulatory disorders Coronary artery disease

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 63 Circulatory disorders Hypertension  What is hypertension?  What factors influence the development of hypertension?  How is it treated?  Why is it called the “silent killer?”

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 64 Circulatory disorders Heart failure

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 65 Circulatory disorders Murmurs

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 66 Circulatory disorders Myocardial infarction

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 67 Circulatory disorders Peripheral vascular disease

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 68 Circulatory disorders Pulmonary edema

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 69 Circulatory disorders Transient ischemic attack

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 70 Circulatory disorders Varicose veins Prevention  Wear sunscreen  Elevate legs when resting  Wear elastic support stockings  Eating fiber diets  Exercise  Weight control

2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 71 Circulatory disorders Leading Causes of Death: The Impact of Circulatory Disorders