w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m Kathy G. Beckett, Esquire 500 Lee Street East, Suite 1600, Charleston, WV Phone: Fax: June 21, 2011 An Assessment of Marcellus Shale Environmental Issues in West Virginia Presented at: Marcellus Shale in WV: Emerging Issues Morgantown, WV

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 2 Overview of Presentation WV Oil and Gas Program Marcellus Shale activities in WV Well work permitting Water –Zero discharge effluent guideline –Disposal options –TDS –Pit Solids –Water withdrawal –EPA Study Air issues NORM Legislative initiatives

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 3 WV Oil and Gas Program Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission – minimum state program guidelines STRONGER – State Review of Oil and Gas Environmental Regulation –The 2003 West Virginia review consisted of two parts. A follow-up review of the progress made since the 1993 Review and a supplemental review.

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 4 Marcellus Shale activities in WV

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 5

Kathy G. Beckett, Esquire 500 Lee Street East, Suite 1600, Charleston, WV Phone: Fax: June 21, 2011

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 7

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9 Marcellus Shale Wells Drilled in West Virginia PermittedDrilled

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 10 Marcellus Shale Water Tracking in West Virginia In 2010, 28 of 58 wells reported: –156.5 million gallons water withdrawn –16 million gallons water recovered (10.2%) 2 million gallons UIC disposal 13 million gallons reuse 1 million gallons centralized treatment plant and reuse

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 11 Well Work Permitting

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 12 Well Work Permitting Permit required from Office of Oil and Gas for all wells* -bonding -soil and erosion and sediment central plan -notice to: surface owners coal operators * W. Va. Code '22-6-6

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 13 Water Quality

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 14 Water Pollution Control Permits Additional permit required for any stream discharge*: -applicable to individual or general permits -must meet water quality standards -must meet effluent guidelines Onshore Oil and Gas Effluent Guideline (40 C.F.R. '435.32) -“no discharge of waste water pollutants” -exception: “stripper oil wells” -Appalachian Producers requested exemption “Marginal gas wells” – no action by USEPA -Are Marcellus Shale wells covered by effluent guidelines? See September 1976 Development Document * W. Va. Code '22-6-7

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 15 Water Disposal* -Prohibition against on-site stream discharge -UIC – “best option” -Recycling -POTW option heavily restricted; none authorized at this time * Office of Oil and Gas, Industry Guidance, January 8, 2010

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 16 Land Application General Permit General Water Pollution Control Permit (GP-1-WV- 88) – “land application permit” -no discharge to streams -pit liquids treated / land applied -pit solids disposed on site July 30, 2010 Office of Oil and Gas memorandum “land application of any return fluids from completion activities in the Marcellus Shale formation is prohibited”

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 17 Drilling Pit Reclamation* Requirements: 1.Pit liners remain intact 2.Pit contents must be solidified with approved materials 3.A liner must be placed over the top of pit * Office of Oil and Gas, Memorandum, March 23, 2010

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 18 Total Dissolved Solids -Existing water quality criteria chloride sulfate -On-going water quality concerns are causing some to call for TDS criteria of 500 mg/l WV Legislature rejection of TDS criteria ORSANCO? -Issues 500 mg/l is a non-enforceable drinking water criteria no stream discharge of Marcellus Shale water need for additional scientific research

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 19 Water Withdrawal

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 20 Water Withdrawal* -W.Va. Code Chapter 22, Article 26 requires after-the-fact reporting -Office of Oil and Gas now requires prior reporting and approval: supplemental permit application form no withdrawal allowed “at volumes beyond which the waters can sustain” Water Withdrawal Guidance Tool * Office of Oil and Gas, Industry Guidance, January 8, 2010

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 21 USEPA Hydraulic Fracturing Study -February 28, 2011 request to EPA Science Advisory Board -Initial results: end of Additional results: Scope: acquisition of water chemical additives fracturing flow back management (including treatment and disposal)

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 22 Air Issues

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 23 Air Issues -Permitting: Minor source permitting (45 CFR 13) -individual compressors, etc. Major source permitting (45 CFR 14) -aggregation of activities? -McCarthy Memo (September 22, 2009) -aggregation criteria 1.adjacent property 2.common control 3.single industrial grouping -Hughes v. DEP (10-3-AQB) – dismissed

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 24 Air Quality Modeling* * Performed by Alpine Geophysics for the Midwest Ozone Group

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 25 O 3 Trends by Regions

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 26 8-hour Ozone Modeling Results* * Performed by Alpine Geophysics for the Midwest Ozone Group

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 27 PM 2.5 Trends: Regions

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 28 PM 2.5 (Annual) Modeling Results* * Performed by Alpine Geophysics for the Midwest Ozone Group

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 29 PM 2.5 (24-hour) Modeling Results* * Performed by Alpine Geophysics for the Midwest Ozone Group

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 30 Air Quality Modeling Conclusion The ozone NAAQS can be achieved with no new controls no later than 2014 The annual PM NAAQS can be achieved with no new controls no later than 2014 with the possible exception of local controls at the Allegheny PA location The 24-hr PM NAAQS can be achieved with no new controls no later than 2014 with the possible exception of local controls at the Allegheny PA and Brooke WV locations

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 31 NORM

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 32 NORM WVDEP presentation to legislative committee (May 7, 2011) -testing shows “safe levels of radioactivity from drilling the Marcellus Shale” -radiation in WV may be of less concern than PA -testing in PA has shown radiation levels “at or below normal”

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 33 Legislative Initiatives

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 34 WVDEP Proposed Legislation SB 424 (2011) 1.$10,000 fee for horizontal drilling 2.Revised permitting requirements 3.Require a water management plan for horizontal drilling 4.Increased penalty authority 5.New regulation of large impoundments (independent of well work permit)

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 35 WVDEP Proposed Legislation SB 424 (2011) (cont) 6.New BMP requirement (including protection of groundwater and fugitive particulate matter) 7.No water withdrawal beyond what the waters can sustain 8.Enhanced notice requirements 9.Enhanced inspection authority 10.Seismic activity subject to notice to Miss Utility and to property owners 11.Regulate pooling of gas from horizontal shallow wells

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 36 Joint Judiciary Proposed Legislation HB 2878 (2011) 1.New well work permit required for horizontal wells 2.New water pollution permit required 3.Permit application must include certification of Division of Highways 4.Enhanced notice to property owners feet buffer from building / water wells feet buffer from surface (1000 feet from groundwater) source for horizontal wells 7.Enhanced enforcement authority

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 37 Joint Judiciary Proposed Legislation HB 2878 (2011) (cont) 8.Expanded pre-drilling survey requirement 9.Disclosure of chemicals used in fracturing 10.Double liners for centralized impoundments 11.Water withdrawal plan required 12.Mandates surface use and compensation agreement 13.Appeal to Environmental Quality Board 14.Pre-empts local ordinances but not zoning

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 38 Conclusion WV DEP has developed a Marcellus Shale regulatory program based upon its well work permit. New legislation will buttress the existing regulatory program and address important issues such as horizontal shallow well pooling. Even with new legislation, it is likely that some parties will continue to raise objections to horizontal drilling.

w w w. j a c k s o n k e l l y. c o m 39 Contact Information Kathy G. Beckett Jackson Kelly PLLC PO Box 553 Charleston, WV Telephone: (304)