Human Body Systems Test Review! Organic Compou nds Nutrition Labels The Digestive System Nutrition Hodge Podge/U rinary system

100 - Q What are the five most common organic compounds (and give an example of each)?

100 - A Proteins (enzymes, hemoglobin), lipids (fats), nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), carbohydrates (sugar, fiber, starch) and ATP!

200 - Q Which organic molecule does lots of random jobs around the body such as making chemical reactions in the body, helping your body deal with sugar, protecting the body, and taking oxygen throughout the body (hemoglobin).

200 - A Proteins!

300 - Q Our bodies take carbs or sugars and breaks them down to form this energy containing molecule…

300 - A ATP!

400 - Q What are the subunits for each of the most common organic molecules?

400 - A Proteinsubunit: amino acids Carbohydrates subunit: sugars Nucleic acidssubunit: nucleic acids Lipids(you don’t need to know yet) ATP (you don’t need to know yet)

500 - Q What is the difference between a simple carb and a complex carb?

500 - A Simple carbs have just one or a few sugar molecules and taste very sweet. Complex carbs are much larger molecules that have lots of sugar molecules connected together!

100 -Q Nutrition labels: How much sugar is in an egg? Are eggs healthy? Why or why not?

100 - A Eggs only have one gram of carbs, and no sugars. Eggs are a good source of protein and lots of vitamins and minerals. Be careful not to eat too many eggs if you are watching your cholesterol!

200 - Q Nutrition labels: How much sugar is in this cereal? Is this cereal healthy? Why or why not?

200 - A This cereal has 4 grams of sugar, which is one teaspoon. (less than 6g is recommended.) This cereal is low in sugar, and is a great source of fiber and iron.

300 - Q Nutrition labels: How much sugar is in carrots? Are carrots healthy? Why or why not?

300 - A Carrots have 5 grams of sugar, which is a little more than a teaspoon (although there is no added sugar). Carrots are a great source of fiber, vitamin A and C.

400 - Q Nutrition labels: How much sugar is in this cereal? Is this cereal healthy? Why or why not?

400 - A There are 11 g of sugar per serving, which is very high! It is a fortified cereal, so it is high in lots of vitamins and minerals. (but it is low in fiber.)

500 - Q Nutrition labels: How much sugar are in these pretzels? Is this healthy? Why or why not?

500 - A There is less than one gram of sugar in these pretzels. Unfortunately, these pretzels have little nutritional value.

100 - Q Label the following:

100 - A

200 - Q Where does nutrient absorption take place?

200 - A In the small intestine (villi)!

300 - Q Where does water absorption take place?

300 - A Large intestine!

400 - Q What is peristalsis?

400 - A Smooth muscle contractions that keep food moving through the digestive system!

500 - Q What do enzymes do during digestion?

500 - A Enzymes help break down food chemically! For example, they help break down proteins into amino acids. Your body will then use amino acids to make proteins in your own cells!

100 - Q Most natural foods are not toxic to humans because they contain lots of this organic molecule.

100 - A Fiber– it slows absorption and consumption of sugar!

200 - Q Eating large quantities of excess sugar has what effect on cholesterol?

200 - A Excess sugar consumption raises the LDL cholesterol levels (bad cholesterol) as well as other factors of heart disease.

300 - Q How much sugar should a person eat per day?

300 - A Women: 100 calories of added sugar. (which is about 6 teaspoons)– this is recommended by the (AHA American Heart Association) Men: 150 calories of added sugar. (9 teaspoons)

400 - Q A can of coke has 39g of sugar. Approximately how many calories is this? What about teaspoons of sugar?

400 - A 39g sugar = 39 x 4 = 156 calories 39 / 4 = almost 10 teaspoons of sugar!!

500 - Q What are some of the environmental problems the Bill Nye video discussed about our food? Hints below: 1.Pig farming 2.Oj 3.Coffee 4.Food mile 5.eggs

500 - A 1.Overfishing in Peru for pig farms is causing bird populations to be decimated. 2.Production of concentrated orange juice requires lots of water, fuel, pesticides and preservatives. 3.Rainforest is being cut down to grow coffee. 4.Food travels LONG distances, wasting fuel. 5. Chicken egg production causes massive amounts of ammonia which pollutes oceans and causes dead zones where fish die.

100 - Q What does the urinary system do?

100 - A The urinary system filters out waste from the blood. The waste, called urine, flows from the kidneys through the ureters and is stored in the bladder until it is expelled by the body.

200 - Q Fiber is good for you! Explain why.

200 - A Fiber keeps the material flowing through your digestive system, especially through the large intestine because without water the stool can get really hard. :/

300 - Q About how long does it take for your digestive system to digest a meal?

300 - A About a day!

400 - Q What diseases are excess sugar consumption linked to?

400 - A Diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure), heart disease, cancer and obesity

500 - Q Describe where proteins are carbs are digested in the body.

500 - A Describe where proteins are carbs are digested in the body. Carbs are digested mechanically and chemically in the mouth. Their digestion continues in the stomach and small intestine. Proteins are only mechanically digested in the mouth and chemical digestion does not begin until the stomach.