Earth Science States of Matter. Four states of matter Solids Liquids Gases Plasma Kinetic energy determines which state an element or compound is in.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth Science States of Matter

Four states of matter Solids Liquids Gases Plasma Kinetic energy determines which state an element or compound is in

Kinetic energy Energy of motion What does this have to do with particles? Average kinetic energy = temperature

Thermometers

Quantifying Changes in Temperature Heat is energy transfer, the unit is calorie (cal) oC One calorie of heat raises the temperature of water by 1 oC To calculate what happens when you mix two substances with different temperatures To calculate when you have different amounts to mix:

Calculations Practice Mario have a 5L fish tank. The water is currently 32 oC for his tropical fish. He needs to add 5 more L of water and this water is currently 26 oC. What will the water be when he is done mixing them? What will the temperature be when you mix 5 mL of cold water at 0 oC with 25 mL of hot cocoa at 50 oC ?

Gas Motion is constant and random No fixed shape or volume Motion is elastic What do these things have to do with smell? Pressure: results from force of gas Barometer measures Pascals (Pa) or atm

Behavior of gases Compressability: measure of how much volume decreases under pressure Gases are easily compressed because of space between particles Amount of gas, temperature and volume affect gas pressure

Liquids No fixed shape, has fixed volume Vaporization: liquid to gas when boiling Evaporation: liquid to gas when not boiling Condensation: vapor to liquid What is a boiling point? What does it have to do with kinetic energy?

Solid Fixed shape and volume Sublimation: change from solid to vapor (dry ice) What is a melting point? What does it have to do with kinetic energy?

Properties of Water Boiling point: 99.9 oC Melting point: 0 oC Density of liquid: 1000 kg/m 3 Density of solid: 917 kg/m 3 Polar Molecule Creates Surface Tension Specific Heat Capacity: 2 nd highest of all molecules Ammonia is the only one higher

Particulate Model

Demo

Phase Changes

Quiz Name the four states of matter. Which state has the most packed particles? Which state has the least packed particles? What does kinetic energy mean? What is another term for average kinetic energy?