Social Networks Abhimanyu DhamijaAbhishek Kumar Munish MiniaPriyank Sharma

Outline Introduction Origin of Social Networks Social Network Analysis Types of Social Networks References

What is social network? Wikipedia definition-A social network is a social structure made of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes," which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, financial exchange, dislike or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will.

Social Networks Not a new concept, (6 degrees of separation) Ramsey theorem-At any party with at least six people, there are three people who are all either mutual acquaintances or mutual strangers People typically maintain close relationships among thousands of acquaintances Metcalf’s Law – value of a network increases n 2 to # of participants –Not exactly, but in theory. –Dependent upon interaction model

Continue Social networking is away to connect on your friends online. The sites are non-restricted so anyone can gain access to it. Once gained access to asocial networking site, you can begin to socialize. Most popular social networking sites:

Continue Twitter: One of the fastest-growing network Follow people with whom you’re interested in. Great for asking questions. Face book: Uploaded pictures, videos and play games. Chatting in private or an open discussion.

Online social networking Social sites commonly used. Online community of internet users Common interests in hobbies, religion, or politics. Socialize on sites by reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them.

Continue Flickr: Less socializing on this site. Upload and share any pictures for others to see. Linked In: contacting and keeping in touch with your colleagues. Contact people who are a friend of afriend,or

Continue a friend of afriend of afriend of afriend of afriend of afriend of afriend of afriend of afriend,and so. Google+: Separate your friends from your colleagues. You can post something that your friend can see, but your colleagues cannot.

Origin of social sites Social network sites (SNSs) such Friendster, CyWorld, and MySpace allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others. These sites can be oriented towards work-related contexts (e.g., LinkedIn.com), romantic relationship initiation (the original goal of Friendster.com), connecting those with shared interests such as music or politics (e.g., MySpace.com), or the college student population (the original incarnation of Facebook.com).

Popular social networking sites Personal sites-Myspace,orkut,Cyworld Professional/work related-LinkedIn Romantic relationship initiation-friendster Microblogging-Twitter Music-last.fm Movies-flickster Photos/pictures-flickr

Social Network Analysis We measure Social Network in terms of: 1. Degree Centrality: The number of direct connections a node has. What really matters is where those connections lead to and how they connect the otherwise unconnected. 2. Betweenness Centrality: A node with high betweenness has great influence over what flows in the network indicating important links and single point of failure. 3. Closeness Centrality The degree an individual is near all other individuals in a network (directly or indirectly). It reflects the ability to access information through the network.

Why internet is popular mean for social networking The Internet is powerful because it bridges distance at a low cost When people first meet online they tend to “like” each other more Less stressful than face-to-face meeting Superficialities aside people focus on communicating their “selves”

Social network as a graph Nodes: A Unit That Possibly is Connected Individuals, Households, Workgroups, Organizations, States Relationships (A Specific Type of Connection) A “Role Relationship” Gives Emotional Support Links Web Page

Social network as a graph (conti.) Ties (Contain One or More Relationships) Friendship (with possibly many relationships) Affiliations (Person – Organization) Works for IBM; ACM Member; Football Team One-Mode, Two-Mode Networks

An example of a social Network diagram. The node with the highest Betweenness centrality is marked in yellow.

A Network is More Than The Sum of Its Ties A Network Consists of One or More Nodes Could be Persons, Organizations, Groups, Nations, Web Connected by One or More Ties Could be One or More Relationships That Form Distinct, Analyzable Patterns Can Study Patterns of Relationships OR Ties Emergent Properties

Types of social networkers Alpha Socialites – (a minority) people who used sites in intense short bursts to flirt, meet new people, and be entertained. Attention Seekers – (some) people who craved attention and comments from others, often by posting photos and customizing their profiles. Followers – (many) people who joined sites to keep up with what their peers were doing.

Types of social networkers (conti.) Faithfuls – (many) people who typically used social networking sites to rekindle old friendships, often from school or university. Functionals – (a minority) people who tended to be single-minded in using sites for a particular purpose. Source: Ofcom Social Networking Sites research, September-October 2007

Privacy concerns Social networking sites provide privacy options but users are generally unaware or tend to ignore such concerns Stalkers, terrorists, ill-doers, con-artists could benefit from such issues Recent scandals-England :MI-6’s director’s wife puts up photos of family on facebook. Facebook’s controversial decision to make visible relationship actions to entire social group

Advantage and Disadvantage Social networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups. Is the practice of expanding the number of one’s business and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals?. Advantages: Social media is instant: Once upon a time announcements and press

Continue releases took several days to get the word(out there).now one can share business announcements in minutes with the simple click of button-and things can go viral within hours. One can meet new people: Social networking site are the perfect spot to meet new people online. with the help of advanced search tools on can find users who have the same interests he/she do and that

Continue can be the starting point a great friendship and/or relationship. Many people meet online and then establish a relationship in real life. Friends: It has never been easier to make friends than it is right now, mainly thanks to social networking sites, it has become easier to make friends,building new/ old friendships.

Continue Speedy communication: Our time is being stretched thinner and thinner by work, but social networking sites offer a chance to communicate in speedy and efficient manner. Writing an update for Twitter takes all of 20 seconds and that update reaches everyone we want it to reach in an instants.

Continue Get feedback: One can use social networking to get feedback on ideas immediately, or to ask questions and get answers quickly. If one is developing a product, one can bounce it off your friends and social networking contacts and find out what they think about it.

Continue Get answers in real time: Once can easily ask questions and receive answers in near-real-times, if once contacts know the answer or if one is a student in touch with teachers. This can prove useful for many of us. It can increase sales: Not just because one is getting company name out there – research shows two thirds

Continue of people under 40 consult social media to check out testimonials, trustworthiness and reviews. Social networking can generate some great testimonials for your business. Social network is also a good place for advertisement.

Continue –Share your experients (music, video etc.) –- Keeping contact with family, friends and colleagues –- Sharing interests and hobbies – Exchange with people around the world – Employees are searched by companies (good profile) – Can play games

Disadvantages –Photos, comments etc. that we post will be forever on the Internet –Private is suddenly no longer private –Will be accessible to the general public - We spend a lot of time on PCs - Cases of online mobbing (Cybermobbing) and stalking - Poorly regulated - Name, location, age etc. can be used to commit online crimes

Gives People a License to be Hurtful “I do think it has gotten to an extreme point where you can say things you can’t say or get away with in person.” Reduces Family Closeness “Texting, Facebook, Twitter, and Gmail alienate us from our families more than we actually think it does…. When my family is spending family time together and watching a movie, in reality my brother and I are on our phones rather than actually watching the movie with our parents

Risks of a social networks – Cybercriminals can easily get – private data – Targeted attacks against the users – For example: personalized spam and phishing attacks – Hacker infect the computers of users with viruses – try to lure recipients with newsletters etc. to websites

Continue –viruses and trojans are deposited on websites –potential employers might find information about you that is not appropiate (photos etc.)

Thank You for your Patience

References ma_social_networks.ppt release/214190cs.nyu.edu/~jchen/socialnetw orks.ppt

References orking_websites achment/wiki/Schedule/social-networks-for- cs.pdf?format=raw orking_websites