GHSGT Review 2 Poetry: Figurative Language and Word Structure

Elements of Poetry  Prose – writing of novels and short stories (using typical grammar and syntax rules)  Literature written in lines and verses Often involves rhythm and rhyme Usually shorter than prose Uses more figurative language and fewer words than prose

Types of Figurative Language  Personification – giving human qualities to things not human  Metaphor – direct comparison Extended Metaphor – when something with several characteristics is compared with another item  Imagery – appealing to the senses  Simile – comparison using “like” or “as”

Figurative Language (continued)  Irony – appearance of things differs from reality Dramatic irony – reader/audience know more than the actors/characters  Paradox – contradictory ideas together to point out a deeper meaning  Allusion – reference to well-known place, literary work, art work, famous person or historical event

Figurative Language (continued)  Symbolism – any object, person, place or action that has a meaning in itself and also represents a meaning beyond itself  Hyperbole – exaggerated statement  Understatement (Meiosis) – stressing the importance of something by minimizing it’s expression

Figurative Language (that you may not know or remember)  Synecdoche – using a part of something to represent the whole All hands on deck!  Metonymy – substituting a term closely associated to another term The power of the crown was weakened.  Conceit – opposite words describe conflicting emotions (used mostly in love poems) Love/hate relationship: love for a person described as bright smoke, cold fire, sick health…

Types of Poetry  Epic – long, complicated story-poems Tell of extraordinary deeds by supernatural heroes and villains  Lyric poem – conveys exact mood or feeling to the reader Poet speaks directly to the reader  Sonnet – kind of lyric poem with strict 14- line format  Ballads – oral tradition that tell a story in a song Focus on actions and dialogue (not characters)

Rhythm and Meter  Rhythm - Movement or sense of movement (beat)  Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that is repeated throughout the poem  Meter – Word pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables  Consonance, alliteration, and assonance help

Rhyme Types  Internal rhyme – words that rhyme inside a single line  Slant – words almost rhyme; final consonant sound rhymes but not the final vowel  End – most common type; at the ends of lines

Rhyme Scheme  Fixed rhyme – repeated pattern of end rhyme  Use letters to identify  Couplets – two-line rhyme pairs  Stanza – group of lines  Masculine rhyme – end rhyme couplet of only one syllable each  Feminine rhyme – end rhyme couplet of more than one syllable each

Poetry Passages/Questions  Always read the directions  Scan the Questions  Read the poem carefully  Identify rhyming couplets if possible  Underline key words information  Read all the choices  REMEMBER: You CAN write in your test booklets.