Lesson Five: Homophobia and Sport Cultural Diversity In & Through Sport

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By the end of the session you should be able to: Describe the term homophobia Identify how homophobia is manifested using sporting examples Examine own attitudes towards homophobia Explain the consequences of prejudice and discrimination Identify ways in which attitudes can be challenged Learning Outcomes

Heterosexual - A person who is attracted to a person of the opposite gender within a binary gender system Heterosexism - The attitude that heterosexuality is the only valid or acceptable sexual orientation Terminology

Gay - A person who is attracted only to members of the same gender. Although it can be used for any gender (e.g. gay man, gay woman, gay person) Lesbian - A woman who is only attracted to other women Bisexual - A person who is attracted to both men and women Definitions of Sexual Orientations

What is the stereotypical image of a gay man and gay woman? Are they true? Where did they come from? What is the stereotypical image of a sportsman and sportswoman ? Do you know many gay people? What sports would they play? Task: Homosexual Stereotypes

Working in your groups Name as many gay sportsmen and women as you can Identify the sport that they play Why do you think there not more ‘out’ gay sports people? Task: Gay Sportspeople Gold Medallist, Matthew Mitcham, was one of Australia’s first openly gay athletes to compete in the Olympics

Inside Sport: BBC Documentary Inside Sport: A look at “sport’s last taboo”: Click here.here

Working in groups, define homophobia. Try to give some real life example of homophobia (you don’t have to use real people’s names) Task: Define ‘Homophobia’

An irrational fear or intolerance of homosexuality, or behaviour that is perceived to uphold and support traditional gender role expectations. People who are perceived to be gay or lesbian, or who have gay or lesbian friends, can also be the targets of homophobic behaviour. Homophobia: Definition

A definition of a homophobic incident used by the police and the criminal justice system is ‘any action which is perceived by the victim, or any other person as being motivated by homophobia.’ A victim of homophobic crime does not necessarily have to be lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT) themselves, but considered to be so by the offender. Homophobia: Legal Definition

In groups discuss how is homophobia expressed: Try to give some real life example of homophobia (again, you don’t have to use real people’s names) Task: Group Questions

1. Verbal: aggressive abuse or verbal abuse in work or social situations: – Using offensive language, name-calling, making fun of someone or taunting them, telling homophobic jokes, or threatening them. Can you think of any real life examples? Expressions of Homophobia

2. Physical: ranges from bullying to serious violence: – Can manifest itself in gangs who go out with the express intention of beating up gay people. – At its most extreme, it can even result in murder. Can you think of any real life examples? Expressions of Homophobia

3. Emotional: Openly treating someone differently because of their sexual orientation: – Refusing to sit next to someone, work or talk with them and organising others to do the same, – putting them down, looking at them in a cold or threatening way, harassing them, damaging their property – sending hate mail, texts or s, abusive phone calls and/or posting internet threats or abusive material, or graffiti. Can you think of any real life examples? Expressions of Homophobia

4. Institutional: when an organisation discriminates against lesbian and gay people: - Refusing to employ them or discriminating against them for promotion. Can you think of any real life examples? Expressions of Homophobia

All these behaviours have things in common: They are bullying They are ignorant They are wrong They are not wanted Expressions of Homophobia

In groups discuss your experiences of homophobic behaviour: Have you ever seen or heard homophobia in action? If so, what happened? Why do you think people are homophobic? If football is the UK’s national game, why are there no openly gay footballers currently playing in the Premier League? Task: Group Discussions

Homophobia in football: Anti-gay abuse is all too common on both terraces and pitches This abuse almost always goes unchallenged. Fans believe that it is this abuse, from fans, players and teammates that deters homosexual people from playing football and creates a culture of fear where gay players feel it is unsafe to come out. What do you think? Sources of Homophobia

Fans feel that the lack of any visible action by the Football Association (FA), football clubs and their partners in tackling homophobic abuse which has allowed it to fester on the terraces and in changing rooms across Britain. Football fans are also adamant that they want this to change and believe that football would be a far better sport if homophobic abuse was eradicated. What do you think? Sources of Homophobia

Many young men and women go to great lengths to avoid association with lesbians and gay men by monitoring their appearance, mannerisms, and relationships with peers. In women's sports, the ‘lesbian label’ is often used to discourage women from challenging inequities between men and women. If women fear being called lesbians, this can be an effective way to intimidate women into accepting less than equal treatment. What do you think? Sources of Homophobia

Prevention is always the best way to address name-calling or put- downs of any kind. Coaches should make it clear as part of team policies that name- calling of any kind by anyone is unacceptable. Coaches and parents can also set a powerful example by avoiding name-calling or put-downs to motivate athletes. Combating Homophobia

Sepp Blatter, FIFA President Urged gay footballers to come out and not be put off by football's "macho" atmosphere in "There are gay footballers, but they don't declare it because it will not be accepted in these macho organisations. “ When asked about the concerns of gay football fans after the 2022 World Cup was awarded to Qatar, where homosexuality is illegal, Blatter advised gay fans to "refrain from any sexual activities" during the tournament. Call for More Gays in Football

It is as follows: “…..to continue with working with key stakeholders who genuinely represent the voice of the LGB community, to educate and raise awareness through stewards and referee training, to engage with fans through forums as part of the on-going debate, to promote widely how to report abuse and discrimination and to look at innovative approaches of promoting football equality.” The FA’s Position

The FA recognises that Wembley National Stadium should lead by example and be an exemplar of good practice. Wembley will be implementing a Code of Conduct in respect of all visitors to the Stadium. From a crowd safety aspect, homophobic chanting is taken very seriously and would result in ejection from the Stadium and criminal prosecution. Wembley’s Code of Conduct

Some national campaigns include: Kick it Out: International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia, 17 th May: Anti-Homophobia Campaigns

Kick it Out Campaign suggests: Respond to incidents of homophobic abuse Where possible, get support for yourself from other witnesses Challenge homophobic stereotypes Challenge homophobic language Report or remove graffiti Keep a record of what is happening Provide support to the target of the attack. Kick it Out Campaign

As part of the drive to tackle homophobia in sport, sport bodies in every part of the UK jointly signed up to the Government Equalities Office (GEO) Charter on Homophobia and Transphobia in Sport. The aim of the charter is to make sport a welcoming environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. The charter outlines the importance of creating an environment where everyone is able to participate and enjoy sport, whoever they are and whatever their background. It also pushes the agenda of fairness, equality, respect and dignity. Government Charter (UK)

Thought for the Day A provocative advertisement from the FA and Kick it Out: Click here.here