Chapter 7 Climate Interactions

Ch. 7 Lesson 1 Interactions Among Earth’s Spheres SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.

Atmosphere Contains dust particles, cloud droplets, and water vapor. Earth’s weather, including precipitation and winds contrives to rock erosion. The atmosphere is the foundation for the different climates around the world. http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=0E074343-4F75-4D95-815B-4329F2FD016F&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DSC&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Geosphere Is made up of nearly all of Earth’s mass that is found in Earth’s solids rocks and metal The atmosphere of our Earth is constantly weathers and erodes exposed rock in Earth’s geosphere

Hydrosphere Earth’s water Oceans Water Vapor Rivers Lakes Groundwater

Cryosphere Consist of all the water in the form of ice on or in Earth: glaciers, snowfields, ice caps, ice sheets, sea ice, and frozen ground

Biosphere The parts of Earth that contain of living organism. Life as we know it cannot exist without water.

Lesson Review 1. Describe how melting of glaciers in one part of Earth system might affect other parts. 2. Give one example of how humans affect the hydrosphere. Then explain how this change impacts society. 3. The Earth system consists of the sun and five main __________. 4. The sphere that contains humans is the _________.

Ch. 7 Lesson 2 Energy in Earth’s Atmosphere SC.6.E.7.5 Explain how energy provided by the sun influences global patterns of atmospheric movement and the temperature differences between air, water, and land.

Sun’s Energy Travels to Earth in the form of Electromagnetic waves Visible light Infrared radiation Ultraviolet radiation

Most of the energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of visible light & infrared radiation. A smaller amount arrives as Ultraviolet Radiation.

Visible Light = light you can see, including all of the colors you see in a rainbow: Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet ROY G. BIV Different colors have different wavelengths. Red & orange = longest wavelengths Blue & violet = shortest wavelengths

Nonvisible Radiation The direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called radiation. One form of EM energy is infrared radiation. Infrared radiation is not visible by humans, but can be felt as heat. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is also invisible.

Radiation From the Sun: Energy travels to Earth as electromagnetic waves. What are the types of electromagnetic radiation in the diagram? INFRARED RADIATION VISIBLE LIGHT ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

What Happens to the Sun’s Energy Near Earth? Most sunlight is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere before it can reach the surface. The rest of the sunlight passes through the atmosphere to Earth’s surface.

Atmosphere Layers EARTH

Greenhouse effect is a natural heat-trapping process. The sun’s energy reaches Earth. Earth’s surface is heated. Some heat is radiated into space. Some radiated heat is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

Sun’s Energy Energy provided by the sun influences global winds and creates temperature differences among Earth’s air, water, and land. Land heats and cools more rapidly than water. Also, land can heat to higher temperatures than water can. Land can also cool to lower temperature than water can Local and global winds are created by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface. But unlike local winds, global winds occur over a large area.

Coriolis Effect The way Earth’s rotations make winds curve is called the Coriolis Effect. This causes the Northern Hemisphere winds to blow south & turn to the west and Southern Hemisphere winds to blow north & turn to the west.

Lesson Review 2. What happens to the sun’s energy near Earth? 1. How does the sun’s energy travel to Earth? 2. What happens to the sun’s energy near Earth? 3. How does the sun’s energy affect global winds?

Chapter 7 Lesson 3 Climate and Climate Regions SC.6.E.7.6 Differentiate between weather and climate

Weather vs. Climate Weather refers to the conditions of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place. Climate refers to average, year-after-year weather patterns in a given area.

Climate Regions Tropical Rainy Climates: Rain Forests and Savannas Dry Climates: Deserts and Steppes Temperate Continental Climates: are not influenced by oceans and as a result they commonly have extremes of temperatures. Subarctic Climates: Fir and spruce forests Temperate Marine Climates: due moderating influence of oceans, climates are humid and have mild winters Humid Subtropical Climate: are temperate marine climates that are wet and warm. Polar Climates: tundra and permafrost

Natural Factors That Cause Climate Changes Movement of Continents Earth’s Position and Ice Ages Volcanic Activity Solar Energy

Lesson Review 2. What natural factors can cause climate change? 1. How do scientists differentiate between weather and climate? 2. What natural factors can cause climate change?

Chapter 7 Lesson 5 Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere SC.6.E.7.9 Describe how the composition and structure of the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet.

What Is the Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Other Gases: such as argon and trace gases

Main Layers of the Atmosphere Exosphere and thermosphere is the outermost layer Mesosphere protects Earth’s surface from being hit by most meteoroids Stratosphere contains ozone layer Troposphere is where weather occurs

Lesson Review 2. What are the four most common gases in dry air? 1. The _________ is the envelope of __________ that surrounds Earth. 2. What are the four most common gases in dry air? 3. What is the difference between wet air and dry air? 4. Why would you feel cold in the thermosphere?

Chapter 7 Lesson 6 Human Activities and Climate Change SC.6.N.1.5 Recognize that science involves creativity in creating explanations that fit evidence. SC.6.N.2.2 Explain that scientific knowledge is open to change SC.6.N.3.1 Explain that a scientific theory is a well-supported and widely accepted explanation. SC.6.E.1.5 Describe how the composition and structure of the atmosphere protects life and insulates the planet.

How Does the Ozone Layer Protect Earth? Ozone is a form of oxygen that has three oxygen atoms in each molecule instead of the usual two. Ozone in the atmosphere absorbs some of the harmful radiation from the sun.

Ozone Hole In the late 1970’s, scientists observed from satellite images that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner each spring. The amount of ozone in the ozone layer was decreasing Scientists determined that major cause of the ozone hole is a group of gases called chlorofluorocarbons or CFC

Global Warming Human activities are increasing the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and producing changes in climate worldwide. This increase is causing global temperatures to rise which is called global warming. Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These gases radiate some energy back toward Earth, trapping hear in the lower atmosphere. The effects of global warming include melting glaciers, rising sea levels, drought, desertification, changes to the biosphere, and regional changes in temperature.

Solutions For Limiting Global Warming Finding clean, renewable sources of energy Being more energy efficient Removing carbon from fossil fuel emissions

Lesson Review 1. Which of the following absorbs heat leaving Earth’s surface? 2. Which of the following is a major cause of the ozone hole? 3. Which of the following contains very small amounts of ozone? 4. Which of the following is the cause of increase in the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere?