Present Subjunctive Irregular Verbs

Subjunctive in Context To set up the subjunctive there are three things that must be in the sentence. One of the setup words 2. The word “que” 3. A subject change

Subjunctive in Context Sugerimos que ellos coman más vegetales. Setup word: we suggest ellos: subject change que: that “coman” – they eat This is the subjunctive conjugation. They may or may not do it, even though we suggest that they do it.

Subjunctive in Context Recomiendo que tú hagas la tarea. Setup word: I recommend tú: subject change que: that “hagas” = you do This is the subjunctive conjugation. You may or may not do it, even though I recommend that you do it.

Subjunctive in Context Ella quiere que yo viva en España. Setup word: she wants yo: subject change que: that “viva” = I live (subjunctive) I may or may not do it, even though she wants me to. Note: In English this would be, “She wants me to live in Spain. In Spanish the infinitive is not used, even though it sounds like it should be.

Subjunctive in Context Ojalá que entiendas bien esta lección. (Hopefully you understand this lesson.) Insistimos en que vosotros regreséis a tiempo. (We insist that you all come back on time.) Mi madre quiere que pongamos la mesa. (My mather wants us to set the table.) ¿Sugieres que yo haga la tarea? (Do you suggest that I give it to them?) ¿Esperáis que los Brown ganen el Super Bowl? (Do you all hope that the Browns win the Super Bowl?) Home

Forming the Subjunctive In order to conjugate a verb in the present subjunctive, you have to know well the conjugations of the present indicative (the present tense that you already know). First: Use the “yo” form of the verb in the present tense. hablo como vivo Next: Drop the ‘o’ habl_ com_ viv_ Last: Add an opposite ending. This means for -ar verbs, use -er endings, and for -er/-ir verbs, use -ar endings. hable coma viva

Forming the Subjunctive Subjunctive Verb Endings -ar Verbs -e -emos -es -éis -e -en -er Verbs -a -amos -as -áis -a -an -ir Verbs -a -amos -as -áis -a -an

Forming the Subjunctive Examples of Regular Verbs caminar camine caminemos camines caminéis camine caminen compartir comparta compartamos compartas compartáis comparta compartan comprender comprenda comprendamos comprendas comprendáis comprenda comparendan

STEM CHANGING VERBS

IRREGULAR VERBS Stem changing verbs -ar and -er stem changing verbs still have no stem change for nosotros and vosotros in the present subjunctive. However, certain -ir verbs do. Note the following.

Forming the Subjunctive poder (ue) pueda puedas podamos podáis puedan acostarse (ue) me acueste te acuestes se acueste nos acostemos os acostéis se acuesten preferir (ie / i) prefiera prefieras prefirimos prefiráis prefieran

Forming the Subjunctive A note about -ir verbs Stem changing verbs ending in -ir have multiple stem changes. They are the only verbs that have stem changes in the preterit and present participle. Whenever you see two choices after an infinitive the first is for the present indicative and four conjugations of the subjunctive. The second is for the nosotros / vosotros form of the subjunctive, the preterit, and the present participle. See the following examples. divertirse (ie / i) present indicative me divierto nos divertimos te diviertes os divertís se divierte se divierten preterit me divertí nos divertimos te divertiste os divertisteis se divirtió se divirtieron present subjunctive me divierta nos divirtamos te diviertas os divirtáis se divierta se divierten present participle divirtiendo

Forming the Subjunctive Here are some other -ir stem changing verbs that have changes in the present indicative, present subjunctive, preterit, and present participle. dormir (ue / u) = to sleep medir (i / i) = to measure mentir (ie / i) = to lie morir (ue / u) = to die pedir (i / i) = to aks for preferir (ie / i) = to prefer reírse (i / i) = to laugh servir (i / i) = to serve vestirse (i / i) = to get dressed Verb Menu

Verbs ending -car, -gar & -zar

Forming the Subjunctive Spelling Changes for Pronunciation Words ending with -gar / -car / -zar will have spelling changes in the present subjunctive in order to maintain pronunciation. For example, what is the subjunctive of “pagar”? If you follow the earlier steps, you would say “page”.

¿Cómo son similares los verbos arriba? 1) pescar = __________ 4) buscar = __________ 2) pagar = __________ 5) apagar = __________ 3) almorzar = __________ 6) organizar = __________ ¿Cómo son similares los verbos arriba? To fish To look for To pay for To turn off To eat lunch To organize Pescar Buscar Pagar Apagar Almorzar Organizar -CAR -GAR -ZAR

~Respeto al subjuntivo~ En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________. En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________. En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________. TODAS -CAR c > qu -GAR g > gu TODAS -ZAR z > c TODAS

Forming the Subjunctive Spelling Changes for Pronunciation To solve this problem with -car verbs “que” is in their endings. Again, you may remember a similar change in the first conjugation of the preterit. However, in the subjunctive the spelling change is throughout all of the conjugations. clasificar clasifique clasifiquemos clasifiques clasifiquéis clasifique clasifiquen

Forming the Subjunctive Spelling Changes for Pronunciation To solve this problem verbs that end with -gar have “gue” in their endings. You may remember a similar change in the first conjugation of the preterit. However, in the subjunctive the spelling change is throughout all of the conjugations. pagar pague paguemos pagues paguéis pague paguen

Forming the Subjunctive Spelling Changes for Pronunciation The problem with -zar verbs is that the letters “ze” are never combined in Spanish. Whenever that happens, the z changes to c. almorzar almuerce almorcemos almuerces almorcéis almuerce almuercen Verb Menu

TOTALLY IRREGULAR VERBS

D I S H E ar dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den r vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan er sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean aber haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan star esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén aber sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan

Things to Keep in Mind If there is no subject change, then there is no subjunctive. I want to go with you. Quiero ir contigo. I want you to go with me. Quiero que vayas conmigo. The second example uses the subjunctive because there is a subject change. I can, I should, I need to, I have to, I want to, I’m going to, etc. All of these are followed by an infinitive in Spanish if there is no subject change. Don’t over think this. You knew how to do this in Spanish I.

Things to Keep in Mind There is no future subjunctive. Again, using esperar (to hope) or ojalá (hopefully) can be tricky. Ella espera que vengan. She hopes that they (will) come. (subjunctive) Ojalá que él aprenda. Hopefully he (will) learn. (subjunctive) Even though in English we would use the future tense, it isn’t used in these cases in Spanish. You can see that the two sentences above have two possible translations. Basically, if everything else tells you that you should use the subjunctive (setup verb / que / subject change) you should use it. But don’t forget... We hope that we’ll be able to go. Esperamos poder ir. (infinitive) If there is no subject change, don’t use the subjunctive.

Be careful with “querer”. Things to Keep in Mind Be careful with “querer”. As mentioned on previous slides, when a subjunctive sentence that uses “querer” is translated into English, the subjunctive verb is an infinitive. This confuses many students. In fact, it’s probably the #1 mistake that students make with the subjunctive. Note the following. Quiero que ellos estudien más. I want them to study more. Queremos que los niños se acuesten ahora. We want the kids to go to bed now. ¿Queréis que yo os lo dé? Do you guys want me to give it to you? Sus padres quieren que ella saque la basura. Her parents want her to take out the trash. Mi mamá quiere que sepamos la verdad. My mom wants us to know the truth. Él quiere que tú seas simpático. He wants you to be nice. Ellos no quieren que ella vaya. They don’t want her to go. Mi papá quiere que yo ponga la mesa. My dad wants me to set the table.

Things to Keep in Mind Home Be careful with “querer”. It’s not always wrong to use an infinitive after querer. Remember: If there is no subject change, there is no subjunctive. I want to call them. Quiero llamarlos. She wants to come. Ella quiere venir. They want to have fun. Ellos quieren divertirse. We want to laugh. Queremos reírnos Home