Industrial Revolution

The IR is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories.

Cottage Industry

Factory system

Factory System Textile Mills, where cloth is made, began to spring up all over New England in the late 1700s. The supply of goods went up because these mills could produce textiles, or fabrics, more easily and quickly than ever. The price of these goods went down because it was cheaper to make. The demand for the products went up (more people could afford to buy it).

Factory System

“Lowell Girls” The call went out across the nation that 5 new cotton mills were opening and would pay cash to men and women. Farm girls excited for cash, packed their clothes in boxes and headed for Waltham, MA. The Lowell Mills employed so many young women that they earned the name “Lowell Girls”.

Interchangeable Parts Eli Whitney encouraged manufacturers to use interchangeable parts, parts that are all the same. These parts made assembly lines possible.

Interchangeable Parts Eli Whitney demonstrated the use of interchangeable parts when asked by the U.S. government to make 10,000 guns for the army. He went to Washington with a box containing piles of musket parts. He took a part from each pile and assembled a musket in seconds.

Cotton gin His cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton. This made it possible for one worker to clean as much as 50 lbs. of cotton a day compared to 1 lb. without the cotton gin.

Cotton Gin The cotton gin led to an increase of slavery and doubled the cost of slaves. Why do you think it increased the need for slavery rather than decreased??

Steam Engine The steam engine was not just a transportation device. It ran entire factories the way rivers used to.

Steam engine

Railroads The steam engine was applied to land transportation and a new form of travel was created – the Railroad! Eventually the railroad connected cities and markets. Without railroads, the Industrial Revolution would not have had the impact it did.

Railroads

Transcontinental RR The transcontinental railroad made travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient.

The transcontinental RR met in Utah

Steamboat Robert Fulton – invented the first steamboat, The Clermont. Steamboats cut travel time and the cost of moving goods and people. What impact do you think steamboats had on slavery??

Canals Canals are manmade waterways dug between 2 large bodies of water. The Erie Canal was a short cut from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. It allowed goods to be sent from farms in the Midwest to cities in and along the East Coast.

Erie Canal 1825

Telegraph In 1844, Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. It communicated using a series of beeps called Morse code.

Telegraph The invention of the telegraph made communication instant! To be effective, telegraph wires had to be strung throughout the country.

Impact of Industrial Revolution Rise of national products –Skilled workers replaced with unskilled workers Change in living standards –Size of middle class grew –Do did the gap between the rich and poor Urbanization –Young people left farms –More people beginning to live in cities Sectionalism (North vs. South) –Manufacturing vs. King Cotton

Robber Barons Andrew Carnegie owned US Steel.

Steel Mill at night.

Immigration

Push/Pull Factors Immigrants come to the USA for jobs and opportunities.

Pull factors are good things which bring immigrants here. like jobs.

Jobs pulled immigrants here.

Free land was a pull factor.

Push factors Push factors are bad things that push immigrants away like war or disease. This is potato famine.

Tenements Many immigrants lived in tenements, a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards

Tenement

Child labor Many immigrants put their children to work ASAP.

Child labor Shoeshine boys

Child labor Bowling pin boys

Child labor Coal miner boys

Child labor Young miner

Girls were preferred over boys. They were paid less, had smaller hands.