1 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 version: 20011128 FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS.

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Presentation transcript:

1 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 version: FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS FOCUSFOCUS

New Snow Products from the National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center

3 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions Snow Information Products Snow Modeling and Data Assimilation Numerical Weather Prediction Model Forcings Gridded Snow Characteristics U.S. 1-km 2 Hourly

4 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations National Weather Service –First-order Stations –Cooperatives Federal and State Agencies –NRCS SNOTEL and Snow Courses –USACE New England District Snow Surveys –Federal Aviation Administration –California Dept. of Water Resources Regional Mesonets –Maine Cooperative Snow Survey –PA, OK, IA, ND, NC State Mesonets –MESOWEST (150 smaller mesonets) International Agencies –St. John River Basin –Environment Canada –BC Hydro National Weather Service –First-order Stations –Cooperatives Federal and State Agencies –NRCS SNOTEL and Snow Courses –USACE New England District Snow Surveys –Federal Aviation Administration –California Dept. of Water Resources Regional Mesonets –Maine Cooperative Snow Survey –PA, OK, IA, ND, NC State Mesonets –MESOWEST (150 smaller mesonets) International Agencies –St. John River Basin –Environment Canada –BC Hydro 50,000+ stations in database 25,000+ actively reporting stations 10,000+ unique stations reporting snow observations 50,000+ stations in database 25,000+ actively reporting stations 10,000+ unique stations reporting snow observations

5 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Snow Water Equivalent Measurement –Attenuation of natural terrestrial gamma radiation by water in snow Snow Water Equivalent Measurement –Attenuation of natural terrestrial gamma radiation by water in snow NWS Airborne Snow Survey Program

6 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations 2,187 Flight Lines 31 States, 8 Provinces 2,187 Flight Lines 31 States, 8 Provinces Airborne Snow Survey Program Flight Line Network

7 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Alaska Flight Line Network 191 Flight Lines

8 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Areal extent of snow cover is mapped using optical remote sensing data from geostationary and polar- orbiting satellites. Cloud cover obscures surface – significant problem. Sub-pixel percentage of snow cover (FSCA) developed by ERDC/CRREL is in second year of testing in NWS/NOHRSC operations. Areal extent of snow cover is mapped using optical remote sensing data from geostationary and polar- orbiting satellites. Cloud cover obscures surface – significant problem. Sub-pixel percentage of snow cover (FSCA) developed by ERDC/CRREL is in second year of testing in NWS/NOHRSC operations. Feb NOHRSC Satellite Areal Extent of Snow Cover

9 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Feb NOHRSC 80% 0%20% 50% Percent Snow Cover 100% Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Fractional Snow Cover 1 km

10 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 AVHRR Fractional Snow Cover 2005 December 15

11 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions Snow Information Products Snow Modeling and Data Assimilation Numerical Weather Prediction Model Forcings Gridded Snow Characteristics U.S. 1-km 2 Hourly

12 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Land Surface Model for Snow and Soil –Domain: Continental U.S. –Resolution: 1km 2, Hourly –Physics: 5-Layer Energy and Mass Balance Spatial implementation of modified 1-D SNTHERM model developed by ERDC/CRREL (Anderson/Jordan) Spatial implementation of Prairie Blowing Snow Model (Pomeroy et al.) –Forcing: Mesoscale Weather Analyses RUC2, Eta physically downscaled to 1 km 2 –Snow State Variables: Water Equivalent (SWE) Total Depth Surface Temperature Average Temperature Liquid Water Content (Snow Wetness) Snow Melt Snow Data Assimilation System –Multi-sensor data fusion to update snow states in model (SWE, snow depth) Land Surface Model for Snow and Soil –Domain: Continental U.S. –Resolution: 1km 2, Hourly –Physics: 5-Layer Energy and Mass Balance Spatial implementation of modified 1-D SNTHERM model developed by ERDC/CRREL (Anderson/Jordan) Spatial implementation of Prairie Blowing Snow Model (Pomeroy et al.) –Forcing: Mesoscale Weather Analyses RUC2, Eta physically downscaled to 1 km 2 –Snow State Variables: Water Equivalent (SWE) Total Depth Surface Temperature Average Temperature Liquid Water Content (Snow Wetness) Snow Melt Snow Data Assimilation System –Multi-sensor data fusion to update snow states in model (SWE, snow depth) Snow Modeling and Data Assimilation Numerical Weather Prediction Model Forcings Gridded Snow Characteristics U.S. 1-km 2 Hourly

13 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 NOHRSC Model Physics

14 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 NSA Product Generation Interactive Maps Digital Data Discussions NSA Product Generation Interactive Maps Digital Data Discussions Temperature Relative Humidity Wind Speed Solar Radiation Atmos. Radiation Precipitation Precipitation Type Hourly Input Gridded Data (1 km) Hourly Input Gridded Data (1 km) Soils Properties Land Use/Cover Forest Properties Static Gridded Data (1 km) Static Gridded Data (1 km) Snow Energy and Mass Balance Model Blowing Snow Model Radiative Transfer Model State Variables for Multiple Vertical Snow & Soil Layers Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snow Temperature Liquid Water Content Snow Sublimation Snow Melt State Variables for Multiple Vertical Snow & Soil Layers Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snow Temperature Liquid Water Content Snow Sublimation Snow Melt Snow Modeling Framework 1 1 Data Assimilation 2 3 Snow Observations Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snow Cover Snow Observations Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snow Cover

15 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Over 25,000 Reporting Stations

16 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Interactive Snow Information System

17 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Interactive Snow Information System Modeled Observe d SWE Density Depth

18 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Ground Airborne Satellite Multi-sensor Snow Observations Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions Snow Information Products Snow Modeling and Data Assimilation Numerical Weather Prediction Model Forcings Gridded Snow Characteristics U.S. 1-km 2 Hourly

19 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) High-resolution Daily and Hourly Gridded Snow Data Sets of Fused Model and Observations Snow Water Equivalent Snow Density Snow Sfc. Temperature Snow Avg. Temperature Snow Melt Sublimation Snow Wetness Local Information (1 km 2 ) Continental U.S. Information Snow Depth Archived at NCDC, NSIDC, and NDFD (soon) Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions Snow Information Products

20 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 National Snow Analyses (NSA) Integrated Modeled / Observed Snowpack State Variables Daily Basin-by-Basin SHEF Products Shipped to AWIPS 1.Snow Water Equivalent * 2.Snow Depth * 3.Areal Extent of Snow Cover * 4.Blowing Snow Sublimation 5.Surface Sublimation 6.Snowmelt 7.Average Snowpack Temperature 8.Rain plus Melt * Includes assimilated snow observations

21 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, Over 12 million hits per month

22 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006

23 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006

24 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Physical Element Map Options

25 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Examples of Observed Snow Products NWS Cold Region Workshop: November 2004 No modeled snow information is contained in the observed snow product maps. Observed snow product maps include: –Snow depth –Snow water equivalent –Total snowfall –Interpolated total snowfall Each product is generated for previous 24, 48, and 72 hour periods (i.e.,12 total). Each product is updated every 2 hours to include most recent snow observations. Associated alphanumeric data are posted to NOHRSC web site.

26 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Interactive Snow Information System Day Snow Depth Observations

27 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Interactive Snow Information System Day Snow Water Equivalent Observations

28 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, Day Snowfall Observations

29 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006

30 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006

31 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006

32 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Interactive climatological information in SNOW-Info –New capability added last year Two types of information –Maps: Monthly Normal Snow Depth NCDC Climate Atlas for U.S. –October through April –4 km resolution –Based on 5525 stations used in the NCDC U.S. Snow Climatology (TD- 9641M) –Stations: Daily Snow Depth Climatologies NCDC TD3200 Cooperative Summary of the Day –4000 first-order and cooperative observer stations –SNOW-Info database currently extends to 1970, eventually to 1948 New Climate Diagnostic Tools

33 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Monthly Normal Snow Depth New Climate Diagnostic Tools OCTNOVDEC JANFEBMAR APR SNOW-Info includes –Monthly-normal maps –Daily NSA departure-from-normal maps

34 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 New Climate Diagnostic Tools Snow Depth

35 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 New Climate Diagnostic Tools Normal Snow Depth November ( )

36 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 New Climate Diagnostic Tools Daily Deviation from Monthly Normal Snow Depth November ( )

37 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 New Climate Diagnostic Tools Modeled and Observed SWE and Depth

38 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 New Climate Diagnostic Tools

39 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006

40 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snowpack TemperatureSurface Sublimation

41 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Snowpack Temperature Snowmelt

42 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, ,000 Snow Reporting Stations NOHRSC NSA Time Series

43 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Snow Reporting Station Metadata

44 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Snow Reporting Station Metadata Land Use / Land Cover Forest Density

45 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 In Summary

46 National HIC/RH/HQ Meeting ● January 27, 2006 Thank You ! Thank You !